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11- STEM > EARTH SCI. (Solar system & Earth's Subsystem) > Flashcards

EARTH SCI. (Solar system & Earth's Subsystem) Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The universe as we currently know it compromises all the space and time, and all the matter and energy in it.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The universe is at least 4.5- 4.6 billion years old.

A

FALSE

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3
Q

How old is the universe and solar system?

A

13.8 billion years and 4.5- 4.6 billion years

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The solar system as part of the Milky Way is located at the outer limb of the galaxy.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

How many planets do we have? (not including the sun)

A

8

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6
Q

What are the 8 plantes?

A

MERCURY
VENUS
EARTH
MARS
JUPITER
SATURN
URANUS
NEPTUNE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The Universe is at least 13.8 billion of years old and the Earth/ Solar System at least 4.5-4.6 billions of years old.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The Universe is at least 10.8 billion of years old and the Earth/ Solar System at least 4.5-4.6 billions of years old.

A

FALSE

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Any explanation of the origin of the Universe should be consistent with all information about its
composition, structure, accelerating expansion, cosmic microwave background radiation among others.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The universe as we currently know it comprises all space and time, and all matter & energy in it.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

It is made of ____% baryonic matter (“ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies),
__% cold dark matter (matter that
has gravity but does not emit light),
and ___% dark energy (a source of
anti- gravity)

A

4.6%
24%
71.4%

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11
Q

It is made of 4.6% __________ (“ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies)

A

baryonic matter

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12
Q

24% ___________ (matter that
has gravity but does not emit light)

A

cold dark matter

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13
Q

71.4% ___________ (a source of
anti- gravity)

A

Dark energy

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14
Q

____ ________can explain what may be holding galaxies together for the reason that the low total mass is insufficient for gravity alone to do so.

A

Dark matter

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15
Q

____ ______can explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe

A

Dark energy

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16
Q

The three most abundant elements.

A

Hydrogen, helium, and lithium

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17
Q

The building block of galaxies born out of clouds of gas and dust in galaxies

A

Stars

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18
Q

______ ________ are like furnaces where elements are synthesized or combined/fused together.

A

Stellar interiors

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19
Q

Most stars such as the Sun belong to the so-called “__________________”

A

“main sequence stars.”

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20
Q

In the cores of such stars, hydrogen atoms are fused through ________ ________ to make ______ atoms.

A

thermonuclear reactions (to make) helium atoms

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The remaining dust and gas may end up as they are or as planets, asteroids, or other bodies in the accompanying planetary system.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

In 1929, _____ ______ announced his significant discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity.

A

Edwin Hubble

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23
Q

In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant discovery of the “______” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity.

A

redshift

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24
Q

In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by ________ Theory of ___________.

A

Einstein’s (Theory) of General Relativity.

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25
Q

He observed (EH) that spectral lines of starlight made to pass through a prism are shifted toward the red part of the __________ ___________.

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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26
Q

He observed that spectral lines of starlight made to pass through a prism are shifted toward the red part of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., toward the band of (lower; high) frequency; thus, the inference that the star or galaxy must be moving away from us.

A

lower

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27
Q

__ _____ as evidence for an expanding universe.

A

Red shift

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe.

A

TRUE

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29
Q

There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe. Its
accidental discovery in 1964 by ___ ______ and ______ ______ _____ earned them the physics Nobel Prize in 1978.

A

Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson

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30
Q

There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe. Its
accidental discovery in ____ by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson earned them the physics Nobel Prize in ____.

A

1964 and 1978

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31
Q

There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe. Its
accidental discovery in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson earned them the ________ _____ ____ in 1978.

A

Physics Nobel Prize

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
It can be observed as a strikingly uniform faint glow in the microwave band coming from all directions-blackbody radiation with an average temperature of about 2.7 degrees above absolute zero.

A

TRUE

33
Q

: Cosmic microwave background radiation map showing small variations from WMAP.

what is WMAP?

A

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

34
Q

Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and myths which narrate that the world arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun.

A

Non-scientific Thought

35
Q

The ____ people of _____ ______ tell the story of a creator god ______ (or Bumba) who, alone in a dark and water-covered Earth, felt an intense stomach pain and then vomited the stars, sun, and moon.

A

Kuba if Central Africa; Mbombo

36
Q

In _____, there is the narrative that gods sacrificed ______, the primal man whose head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon respectively

A

India; Purusha

37
Q

The monotheistic religions of _______, _________, and _____ claim that a supreme being created the universe, including man and other living organisms.

A

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

38
Q

A set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole.

A

SYSTEM

39
Q

The Earth system is essentially a ____ ______.

A

CLOSED SYSTEM

40
Q

A _______ _______ is a system in which there is only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of matter.

A

CLOSED SYSTEM

41
Q

The Earth receives energy from the ___ and returns some of this energy to space.

A

sun

42
Q

The Earth receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space.

A

TRUE

43
Q

The Earth receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space.
(4)

A

Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere

43
Q

The Earth receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space.
(4)

A

Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Hydrosphere

44
Q

THE EARTH SUBSYSTEMS

A

Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Atmosphere

45
Q

The Three Major Themes

A

Scale
Energy
Cycle

46
Q

Processes in the Earth system act on length scales of microns to thousands of kilometers, and on time scales of milliseconds to millions of years.

A

Scale

47
Q

The Earth system is powered by one external source: the Sun

and two internal ones:

radioactive decay
gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation).

A

Energy

48
Q

The Earth system is powered by one external source: the ___.

A

Sun

49
Q

Under the major theme- energy, what are the two internal ones?

A

and two internal ones:

radioactive decay
gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation).

49
Q

Under the major theme- energy, what are the two internal ones?

A

and two internal ones:

radioactive decay
gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation).

50
Q

Material in the Earth system is continually recycled in numerous overlapping cycles.

A

Cycles

51
Q

Includes all life forms on Earth

A

Biosphere

51
Q

It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs,
and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.

A

Biosphere

52
Q

examples:
Photosynthesis and The Carbon Cycle

A

Biosphere

53
Q

Dynamic mass of water that is continuously on the move.

A

Hydrosphere

53
Q

Dynamic mass of water that is continuously on the move.

A

Hydrosphere

54
Q

About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean water.

A

TRUE

55
Q

About __% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean water.

Only _% of Earth’s water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form of ice, and the remaining
one-third is present in streams, lakes, and groundwater.

A

70%

3%

56
Q

The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

CPETIS

A

Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, Surface Runoff.

57
Q

The __________ is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere.

A

Atmosphere

58
Q

The present atmosphere is composed of 77% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9%
argon, and trace amount of other gases.

A

False; 78

59
Q

The present atmosphere is composed of __% nitrogen (N), __% oxygen (O2), ___%
argon, and trace amount of other gases.

A

78%
21%
0.9%

60
Q

The present atmosphere is composed of 78% ______ (N), 21% _______ (O2), 0.9%
_____, and trace amount of other gases.

A

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon

61
Q

One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth’s surface is redistributed is through atmospheric circulation.

A

Atmospheric Circulation

61
Q

One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth’s surface is redistributed is through _______ ________.

A

Atmospheric Circulation

62
Q

The Solid Earth

extends from the surface to the center

A

Geosphere

63
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The Subsystem has 4.6 Billion Years of Interaction

A

TRUE

64
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle.

A

TRUE

65
Q

Layers of the Earth:

A

CRUST (continental & oceanic)

MANTLE (upper & lower)

CORE (outer & inner)

66
Q

2 TYPES OF CRUST

A

Continental & Oceanic

67
Q

2 TYPES OF MANTLE

A

Upper and Lower

68
Q

2 TYPES OF CORE

A

Outer and Inner

69
Q

It’s the light and very thin outer skin of the Earth.

A

Crust

70
Q

he outermost layer where energy and mineral resources are derived.

A

Crust

71
Q

Less dense layer

Made up of silicate rocks, mostly made of the elements silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium.

A

MANTLE

72
Q

Denser layer. It is the Earth’s magnetic field
strengthens the idea that the.

Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.

A

CORE

72
Q

Denser layer. It is the Earth’s magnetic field
strengthens the idea that the.

Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.

A

CORE

11- STEM (12 decks)

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