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11- STEM > EARTH SCI. (Solar system & Earth's Subsystem) > Flashcards

EARTH SCI. (Solar system & Earth's Subsystem) Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The universe as we currently know it compromises all the space and time, and all the matter and energy in it.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The universe is at least 4.5- 4.6 billion years old.

A

FALSE

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3
Q

How old is the universe and solar system?

A

13.8 billion years and 4.5- 4.6 billion years

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The solar system as part of the Milky Way is located at the outer limb of the galaxy.

A

TRUE

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5
Q

How many planets do we have? (not including the sun)

A

8

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6
Q

What are the 8 plantes?

A

MERCURY
VENUS
EARTH
MARS
JUPITER
SATURN
URANUS
NEPTUNE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The Universe is at least 13.8 billion of years old and the Earth/ Solar System at least 4.5-4.6 billions of years old.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The Universe is at least 10.8 billion of years old and the Earth/ Solar System at least 4.5-4.6 billions of years old.

A

FALSE

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Any explanation of the origin of the Universe should be consistent with all information about its
composition, structure, accelerating expansion, cosmic microwave background radiation among others.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The universe as we currently know it comprises all space and time, and all matter & energy in it.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

It is made of ____% baryonic matter (“ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies),
__% cold dark matter (matter that
has gravity but does not emit light),
and ___% dark energy (a source of
anti- gravity)

A

4.6%
24%
71.4%

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11
Q

It is made of 4.6% __________ (“ordinary” matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons: atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, nebulae, and other bodies)

A

baryonic matter

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12
Q

24% ___________ (matter that
has gravity but does not emit light)

A

cold dark matter

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13
Q

71.4% ___________ (a source of
anti- gravity)

A

Dark energy

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14
Q

____ ________can explain what may be holding galaxies together for the reason that the low total mass is insufficient for gravity alone to do so.

A

Dark matter

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15
Q

____ ______can explain the observed accelerating expansion of the universe

A

Dark energy

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16
Q

The three most abundant elements.

A

Hydrogen, helium, and lithium

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17
Q

The building block of galaxies born out of clouds of gas and dust in galaxies

A

Stars

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18
Q

______ ________ are like furnaces where elements are synthesized or combined/fused together.

A

Stellar interiors

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19
Q

Most stars such as the Sun belong to the so-called “__________________”

A

“main sequence stars.”

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20
Q

In the cores of such stars, hydrogen atoms are fused through ________ ________ to make ______ atoms.

A

thermonuclear reactions (to make) helium atoms

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The remaining dust and gas may end up as they are or as planets, asteroids, or other bodies in the accompanying planetary system.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

In 1929, _____ ______ announced his significant discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity.

A

Edwin Hubble

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23
Q

In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant discovery of the “______” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity.

A

redshift

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24
In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that galaxies are moving away from each other, hence as evidence for an expanding universe, just as predicted by ________ Theory of ___________.
Einstein’s (Theory) of General Relativity.
25
He observed (EH) that spectral lines of starlight made to pass through a prism are shifted toward the red part of the __________ ___________.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
26
He observed that spectral lines of starlight made to pass through a prism are shifted toward the red part of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., toward the band of (lower; high) frequency; thus, the inference that the star or galaxy must be moving away from us.
lower
27
__ _____ as evidence for an expanding universe.
Red shift
28
TRUE OR FALSE: There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe.
TRUE
29
There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe. Its accidental discovery in 1964 by ___ ______ and ______ ______ _____ earned them the physics Nobel Prize in 1978.
Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson
30
There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe. Its accidental discovery in ____ by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson earned them the physics Nobel Prize in ____.
1964 and 1978
31
There is a pervasive cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the universe. Its accidental discovery in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson earned them the ________ _____ ____ in 1978.
Physics Nobel Prize
32
TRUE OR FALSE: It can be observed as a strikingly uniform faint glow in the microwave band coming from all directions-blackbody radiation with an average temperature of about 2.7 degrees above absolute zero.
TRUE
33
: Cosmic microwave background radiation map showing small variations from WMAP. what is WMAP?
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
34
Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and myths which narrate that the world arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun.
Non-scientific Thought
35
The ____ people of _____ ______ tell the story of a creator god ______ (or Bumba) who, alone in a dark and water-covered Earth, felt an intense stomach pain and then vomited the stars, sun, and moon.
Kuba if Central Africa; Mbombo
36
In _____, there is the narrative that gods sacrificed ______, the primal man whose head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon respectively
India; Purusha
37
The monotheistic religions of _______, _________, and _____ claim that a supreme being created the universe, including man and other living organisms.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
38
A set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole.
SYSTEM
39
The Earth system is essentially a ____ ______.
CLOSED SYSTEM
40
A _______ _______ is a system in which there is only an exchange of heat or energy and no exchange of matter.
CLOSED SYSTEM
41
The Earth receives energy from the ___ and returns some of this energy to space.
sun
42
The Earth receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space.
TRUE
43
The Earth receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space. (4)
Lithosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrosphere
43
The Earth receives energy from the sun and returns some of this energy to space. (4)
Lithosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrosphere
44
THE EARTH SUBSYSTEMS
Biosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Atmosphere
45
The Three Major Themes
Scale Energy Cycle
46
Processes in the Earth system act on length scales of microns to thousands of kilometers, and on time scales of milliseconds to millions of years.
Scale
47
The Earth system is powered by one external source: the Sun and two internal ones: radioactive decay gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation).
Energy
48
The Earth system is powered by one external source: the ___.
Sun
49
Under the major theme- energy, what are the two internal ones?
and two internal ones: radioactive decay gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation).
49
Under the major theme- energy, what are the two internal ones?
and two internal ones: radioactive decay gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation).
50
Material in the Earth system is continually recycled in numerous overlapping cycles.
Cycles
51
Includes all life forms on Earth
Biosphere
51
It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.
Biosphere
52
examples: Photosynthesis and The Carbon Cycle
Biosphere
53
Dynamic mass of water that is continuously on the move.
Hydrosphere
53
Dynamic mass of water that is continuously on the move.
Hydrosphere
54
About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean water.
TRUE
55
About __% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean water. Only _% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form of ice, and the remaining one-third is present in streams, lakes, and groundwater.
70% 3%
56
The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle CPETIS
Condensation, Precipitation, Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, Surface Runoff.
57
The __________ is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere.
Atmosphere
58
The present atmosphere is composed of 77% nitrogen (N), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon, and trace amount of other gases.
False; 78
59
The present atmosphere is composed of __% nitrogen (N), __% oxygen (O2), ___% argon, and trace amount of other gases.
78% 21% 0.9%
60
The present atmosphere is composed of 78% ______ (N), 21% _______ (O2), 0.9% _____, and trace amount of other gases.
Nitrogen Oxygen Argon
61
One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is through atmospheric circulation.
Atmospheric Circulation
61
One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is through _______ ________.
Atmospheric Circulation
62
The Solid Earth extends from the surface to the center
Geosphere
63
TRUE OR FALSE: The Subsystem has 4.6 Billion Years of Interaction
TRUE
64
TRUE OR FALSE: The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
TRUE
65
Layers of the Earth:
CRUST (continental & oceanic) MANTLE (upper & lower) CORE (outer & inner)
66
2 TYPES OF CRUST
Continental & Oceanic
67
2 TYPES OF MANTLE
Upper and Lower
68
2 TYPES OF CORE
Outer and Inner
69
It’s the light and very thin outer skin of the Earth.
Crust
70
he outermost layer where energy and mineral resources are derived.
Crust
71
Less dense layer Made up of silicate rocks, mostly made of the elements silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium.
MANTLE
72
Denser layer. It is the Earth’s magnetic field strengthens the idea that the. Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.
CORE
72
Denser layer. It is the Earth’s magnetic field strengthens the idea that the. Earth’s outer core is molten/liquid.
CORE

11- STEM (12 decks)

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