Earth And Space Flashcards

1
Q

Crust

A

1% of Earth, 10-80km

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2
Q

Mantle

A

75% of Earth, 3500 km. Made up of iron, magnesium, and calcium

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3
Q

Core

A

2300 km outer core, 1200 km inner core. Made of iron-nickel alloy

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4
Q

Lithosphere

A

Crust and upper mantle. 30 separate plates that move slowly upon the asthenosphere beneath

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5
Q

Igneous

A

Hardening of molten rock/magma. Granite, pumice, basalt, obsidian.

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6
Q

Sedimentary

A

Sedimentation, rocks cemented together. Shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal

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7
Q

Metamorphic

A

Existing rock altered through temperature, pressure, or chemical processes. Marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite.

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8
Q

Precambrian eon

A

4.6 billion - 570 million, period before fossil record

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9
Q

Water/hydrologic cycle

A

Evaporation> transpiration> condensation> precipitation

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10
Q

Carbon cycle

A

Carbon released through human emissions and respiration, reabsorbed by plants and soil

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11
Q

Troposphere

A

Lowest level of atmosphere where weather takes place

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12
Q

Stratosphere

A

Ozone layer. Responsible for absorbing sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

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13
Q

Mesosphere

A

90km, temperature drops -90C, falling stars

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14
Q

Thermosphere

A

Temperature raises as high as 2000C because there’s little to deflect solar radiation

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15
Q

Warm front

A

Warm air mass overtakes cold. Can cause rain, snow, sleet, or freezing rain.

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16
Q

Cold Front

A

Cold air mass overtakes warm. May cause precipitation

17
Q

Stationary front

A

Two air masses meet and neither is displaced. Can cause cloudy, wet weather

18
Q

Stratus clouds

A

Low-hanging, broad, flat clouds. Fog. Dark means heavy rain soon

19
Q

Cumulus clouds

A

Massive, puffy, flat bottom. When dark heavy rain will occur

20
Q

Cirrus clouds

A

Thin, wispy, at high atmosphere

21
Q

The sun

A

G2V star or yellow dwarf, approximately 6000C on the surface. Estimated 4.7 billion years old. Superheated plasma

22
Q

Terrestrial planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, meaning they are similar with inner metal cores and rock surfaces. Earth and Mars are the only ones with moons, Earth is largest

23
Q

Outer planets

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. All have rings mostly composed of ice crystal

24
Q

Meteoroids

A

Fragments of asteroids and comets. Meteors

25
Q

Kuiper Belt

A

Large collection of asteroids, lies beyond known planets

26
Q

Comets

A

Mixture of ices and dusts