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ASVAB > Chemistry And Electronics 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry And Electronics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons and electrons (they’re the same) listen in increasing order on the periodic table

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2
Q

Periods

A

Rows of elements, correspond to the number of shells, or different orbits of elections around the atom

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3
Q

Groups

A

Columns of elements, same number of electrons in their outermost shell

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4
Q

Alkali metals

A

Group 1, silvery metals that react strongly with water

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5
Q

Noble gasses

A

Group 0 or 18, Don’t react with other elements because outer shell is completely full

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6
Q

Atomic mass

A

The average mass listed, average because atoms could come in different sizes (isotopes)

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7
Q

Atomic mass unit (amu)

A

Each proton and neutron’s mass

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8
Q

Ionic compound

A

Example: NaCl (salt), because each chlorine atom borrows an electron from each sodium atom to form a tightly bound crystalline structure

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9
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged atom

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10
Q

Covalent compound

A

Example: Sugar, it doesn’t ionize when dissolved in water. It shares electrons in pairs so they don’t separate as ions do.

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11
Q

Acid

A

A substance that gives up a positively charged hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Sour.

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12
Q

Base

A

A substance that gives up a negatively charged hydroxyl ion when dissolved in water. Alkaline. Bitter

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13
Q

pH

A

0 to 14 scale indicating how basic or acidic a solution is. pH less than 7 is acidic, more than 7 is basic, 7 is neutral

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14
Q

Phase transition

A

Physical change, changing of state of matter (liquid to solid)

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15
Q

Reactants

A

In a chemical change the molecules and atoms that enter the reaction, result is the product

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16
Q

Electricity

A

All electricity from static shock to lightning is a movement of electrons

17
Q

Valence shell

A

Outer shell of an atom, number of electrons depends on if it’s a conductor, semiconductor, or insulator

18
Q

Conductor

A

Element that allows electrons to move freely, they have one or more mobile valence electrons per atom that are free to move from one atom to another

19
Q

Insulator

A

Valence shell that’s more than half full. Doesn’t conduct electricity much at all, electrons tightly bound to their own shell.

20
Q

Semiconductor

A

Exactly half-full valence shell, not a good conductor or insulator

21
Q

Current

A

Rate of flow of electrons through a conductor

22
Q

Charge

A

Electrical current is measured by charge flowing past unit of time

23
Q

Amperes (amps)

A

How current is measured. Defined as one coulomb, the basic unit of electrical charge in one second.

24
Q

Ammeter

A

Device used to measure current

25
Q

Voltage

A

Electrical pressure, measured by volts. Voltage and current are directly proportional

26
Q

Electric potential

A

Electrons pushed to areas of greater electric potential (high pressure) to lower electric potential. AKA electrical potential difference or electromotive force.

27
Q

Voltmeter

A

Device that measures voltage

28
Q

Resistance

A

Opposition to the flow of the current, measured in ohms. Measured with ohmmeter, Greek omega symbol

29
Q

Conventional current

A

The imaginary flow of positive charge and is opposite in direction to actual electron flow

30
Q

Circuits

A

A complete loop or path for electricity to follow.

31
Q

Load

A

A source of resistance that converts electrical energy into some other form of energy, for example a lightbulb (electrical>light and heat)

32
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Voltage in colts is equal to the current in amps multiplied by the resistance in ohms.
V=IR

33
Q

Series current

A

An electrical circuit that has only one path for current to flow. A break anywhere will stop the current. Simplest possible circuit

34
Q

Parallel circuit

A

More common. Each load is wired in a separate path. If a path has a break or gap, the current would continue, there’d still remain a closed circuit

35
Q

Series-parallel circuit

A

Most popular, includes on/off switch, wired in series with a number of loads that are connected in parallel

36
Q

Electrical power

A

A term that refers to the actual rate at which energy is provided to and consumed by an electric circuit. Expressed in watts (joules per second), can be calculated by voltage x amps
P=IV

ASVAB (10 decks)

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