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Systemic Pathology > Ears, eyes > Flashcards

Ears, eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Which CN provide innervation to the muscles of the middle ear?

A

– Trigeminal nerve, cranial nerve 5

– Facial nerve, cranial nerve 7

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2
Q

What structure communicate the middle ear with the pharynx?

A

auditory tube

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3
Q

What is the hypothesized fxn of the guttoral pouch in horses?

A

diverticulum of the auditory tube that serves as an extracalvarial cooling system d/t the ICA running though the pouch and it can inflate.

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4
Q

What bone makes up the internal ear?

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

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5
Q

Describe the anatomy of the middle and internal ear.

A
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6
Q

External ear pathology?

A

auricular hypoplasia

normal breed variation

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7
Q

External ear pathology?

A

auricular hypoplasia

spontaneous

likely hearing loss

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8
Q

External ear pathology

A

auricular infarction

frostbite

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9
Q

most common neoplasm in the external acoustic meatus? In cats or dogs is it more likely to be malignant?

A

sebaceous tumors

cats 85%; dogs 60%

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10
Q

What neoplasms are common on the pinna of the ear in dogs vs. cats?

A
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11
Q

Type of ear neoplasm

A

aural SCC

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12
Q

External ear pathology?

How is it transferred?

Is the owner does not like the site of this, will it go away on its own?

A

equine ear papillomas aka aural plaques

>1yr

transferred by fly bites

no

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13
Q

A 4 yr old cat presents with Auricles – bilaterally swollen, erythematous, painful, pruritic, curled. Likely DDX?
What age do we see this?

A

auricular chrondritis (immune mediated response that targets the cartilage)

>3yrs

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14
Q

A cat presents with a blue/black grape like appearance in the ear. Likely DDX?

The owner wants to know if it is malignant?

A

feline ceruminous cystomatosis (cystic proliferation of ceruminous glands)

benign

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15
Q

What is this?

Is it more likely a cat or dog?

What are the age ranges for this to develop?

A

ceruminous gland carcinoma in the ext. acoustic meatus

CAT

Cat: DSH 7-13yrs

dogs: 5-12yrs

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16
Q

Which breeds of dogs are more likely to get ceruminous gland carcinoma?

A

English bull terrier, Belgian malinois, shih tzu

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17
Q

Where is a ceruminous gland carcinoma most likely to metastasize to first? Is it likely to go other places?

What is the treatment?

A

parotid l.n.

no

TECA

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18
Q

A <2 yr old cat presents with the following. The owner is concerned its cancer. What do you tell her?

What are two locations the polyp can go?

A

aural inflammatory polyp

non-neoplastic

nasophaynx; protrude through tympanic membrane

19
Q

Are aural polyps an external, middle, or inner ear condition?

A

middle ear

20
Q

What are the two common types of infections in the equine guttoral pouch? Which is associated with more complications?

A

■ Bacterial
– Streptococcus equi -Strangles

■ Fungal - guttural pouch mycosis
– Aspergillus sp.

■ Guttural pouch mycosis tends to cause more complications

21
Q

A horse presents with epistaxis, dysphagia, Horner’s syndrome, facial paralysis. On endoscopy, the picture was obtained. DDX?

What important structures are affected that can account for the clinical signs?

A

guttoral pouch mycosis

Important structures:

– Internal and external carotid arteries
– CN VII, IX, X, XI, XII
– Cranial sympathetic trunk

22
Q

What congenital condition is likely in this animal? Why?

A

deafness- cochleosaccular degeneration

Pigmented neural crest-derived intermediate cells are important for hearing

– If lack pigment -cochloesaccular degeneration -can result in deafness

23
Q

Dogs breeds associated with hereditory deafness

A

Australian cattle dogs, Australian sheepdogs, border collies, bull terriers, Norwegian Dunkers, West Highland white terriers, Great
Danes , Great Pyrenees, Lousiana Catahoula Cattle dogs, Old English Sheepdogs, Maltese, and Dachshunds

24
Q

Anatomy of the eye

A
25
Q

What is the * indicating?

A

dainage angle

26
Q

Name the layers of the retina.

A
27
Q

Retinal dysplasia (abnormal development) can occur in utero or post-natal for ungulates? Carnivores?

A

Ungulates: in utero (retina fully developed at birth)

Carnivores: in utero/post-natal (retina develops 6wks after birth)

28
Q

Common in which species after ingestion of what toxin on day …. of gestation?

A

Synopthalmia

sheep; veratrum californicum; Day 15

29
Q

How common is glaucoma in dogs vs. cats vs. horses?

A

dogs >> cats >horses

30
Q

stretching of eye due to increased intraocular
pressures

A

buphthalmos

31
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary glaucoma?

A

Primary: no acquired introcular dz (developmental lesion of the drainage angle)

Secondary: intraocular disease

32
Q

What is the ocular condition? What are secondary causes for this condition and what is the commonality between all of them?

A

Glaucoma

  1. fibrovascular proliferation (w/ tumor/uveitis)
  2. lens luxation
  3. inflammation (fill up with pus/granulation tissue)
  4. introcular neoplasia

ALL BLOCK THE DAINAGE ANGLE

33
Q

A dog presents with ocular pain and blindness, buphthalmos, corneal edema, collapse of iridocorneal angle. DDX?

A

glaucoma

34
Q

What are the histologic lesions seen with glaucoma?

Which feature is observed in the picture?

A

■ Retinal atrophy

■ Collapse of iridocorneal angle

■ Optic nerve head cupping

■ Scleral thinning

35
Q

What type of glaucoma is depicted?

What two structures connect that closes the drainage angle?

A

Primary Glaucoma- Goniodysgenesis

Mature iris stroma (short black arrow) connects to Descemet’s membrane resulting in closure of the drainage angle

36
Q

What is the structure called and composed of?

What two structures in the eye can it develop on?

A

Dermoid

Composed of ectopic hair follicles and adnexal glands

cornea or conjunctiva

37
Q

What type of damage results in this?

Where can is be located?

A

SCC

actinic damage (solar keratosis)

globe or eyelid (often light/non-pigmented skin)

38
Q

Name?

Most Commonly occurs in which Species?

When does it occur?

A

Corneal sequestrum ( development of an opaque, dark brown to black plaque on the cornea which is a dead piece of corneal tissue)

Cats

chronic corneal ulceration

39
Q

Which breed of dog is presiposed to lens luxation d/t defects in collagen?

A

Border collies

40
Q

Condition?

What type of changes are associated with this condition?

A

lens luxation

cataract changes

41
Q

What are the top two ocular neoplasms in cats?

A
  1. melanoma
  2. Feline post-traumatic ocular sarcoma
42
Q

A cat presents with the following neoplasm (*). What is the likely DDX?

What does the tumor arise from?

The owner wants to know its potential to metastasize?

A

Feline post-traumtic ocular sarcoma

lens epithelium

highly invasive, can met

43
Q

A DOG presents with exophthalmus, vision loss, optic n. degeneration and atrophy. DDX?

A

meningioma

44
Q
A

Systemic Pathology (8 decks)

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