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Systemic Pathology > Bone & Muscle > Flashcards

Bone & Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of bone?

A
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2
Q

What is the structural unit of compact bone vs. spongy (cancellous) bone?

A

compact= osteon

Spongy bone= trabeculae

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3
Q

What type of bone formation does not use growth plates?

A

intramembranous

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4
Q

Describe the process of intramembranous ossification?

A
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5
Q

Describe the process of endochondral ossification?

A
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6
Q

What are the different zones of the growth plate?

A
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7
Q

What are two major requirements for proper fxn of the growth plate?

A
  1. need adequate mineralized collagen/cartilage
  2. need adequate blood vessel quality (need angiogenesis)
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8
Q

Type of Bone?

A

woven bone

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9
Q

Type of Bone?

A

lamellar bone

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10
Q

What are the categories used to classify bone fractures?

A

Location: which bone & where

Transverse/Oblique/Spiral

Open/closed

Complete/Incomplete

Comminution (brocken into fragments)

Displacement (how has the distal end moved relative to the proximal end?)

OLD ACID

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11
Q

What are the four stages of fracture healing?

A
  1. hematoma
  2. fibrocartilagenous callus
  3. Bony callus
  4. Remodeling
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12
Q

What stage of fracture healing is shown?

A
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13
Q

What timeframe is this fracture in healing?

A

7-10d

granulation tissue and bone necrosis

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14
Q

What timeframe is this fracture healing?

A

3 weeks

fibrocartilagenous callus

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15
Q

What stage of fracture healing is shown?

A

bony callus

nearly healed fracture site

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16
Q

Describe the SALTER HARRIS fracture classification scheme?

A
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17
Q

DDX?

Breed?

When mostly likely to see it?

A

craniomandibular osteopathy

Westies & scotties

3-7 mo (stops 11-13mo)

autosomal recessive

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18
Q

A dog presents with excessive bone fragility that lead to a fracture. Likely DDX?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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19
Q

On radiographs, there is increased bone density. Likely DDX?

A

Osteopetrosis

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20
Q

DDX?

A

Chondrodysplasia

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21
Q

Underlying reason why the bone fractured?

A

Osteoporosis

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22
Q

Which is worse? Osteoporosis or osteopenia?

A

Osteoporosis

osteopenia: decreased numbers of thin trabeculae

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23
Q

Periarticular hemorrhage. DDX? Which species are susceptible to this condition?

A

Scurvy

humans, primates, guinea pigs

24
Q

A dog presents with a flexible jaw. You determine that there has been alot of fibrous CT layed down instead of bone. What is the likely DDX?

A

Fibrous osteodystrophy d/t hyperPTH

25
Q
A

Rickets

26
Q
A

Rickets- Costochondral jxn swellings aka ricketic rosary

27
Q

What should the vet check for?

A

hypertrophic osteopathy

thoracic rads for space occupying mass

28
Q

You observe bony proliferation w/o lysis on the periosteum. Likely DDX?

A

hypertrophic osteopathy

29
Q
A

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

30
Q
A

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

31
Q

A german shepherd presents w/ shifting limb lameness.

A

panosteitis

32
Q

A young dog presents for lameness

A

panosteitis

33
Q

A 5 mo old yorkie presents with lameness. DDX?

A

Legg-Perthes Disease

34
Q
A

Actinomyces bovis

Lumpy jaw= osteomyelitis

35
Q

Where in the bone is osteomyelitis most common and why?

A

physes

b/c blood vessels makes hair pin turn and leads to bacteria getting stuck in the vessel at the physis

36
Q

A foal comes in with a fever and depression. Why would this condition be recurrent?

A

Likely septicemic E.coli/salmonella osteomyelitis

Sequestrum of necrotic bone surrounded by infection causes recurrent infections

37
Q
A

Salmonella dublin

vertebral osteomyelitis

38
Q

What is the structure shown seen with osteomyelitis sometimes?

A

Sequestrum

39
Q
A

Atrophic rhinitis

Pasteurella multocida and bordetella

40
Q
A

Osteosarcoma

periosteal rxn & thinning of the cortex

41
Q
A

mutilobular tumor of bone

42
Q
A

multiple myeloma

43
Q
A

synovial proliferation

44
Q
A

eburnation

45
Q
A

osteophytes

46
Q
A

inflammatory arthritis

47
Q
A

OCD

48
Q
A

synovial cell sarcoma

49
Q

A dachshund presents with acute hindlimb paralysis. DDX?

A

IVDD

type I

50
Q
A

Ossifying pachymeningitis

51
Q
A

rowing and internalization of nuclei = muscle damage
satellitosis aka rowing of nuclei

52
Q
A

fragmentation of sarcomplasm

53
Q
A

C. botulinum toxin

54
Q
A

Clostridium blackleg

55
Q
A

trichinella

56
Q
A

White muscle disease

57
Q
A

Systemic Pathology (8 decks)

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