Early Modern Period Flashcards
1
Q
Spain revived what
A
Mita
2
Q
Galleons
A
Deep draft round hulled sailing ships
3
Q
Tech
A
Ships guns and cannons
4
Q
Portuguese traveled down what coast
A
African
5
Q
Cape of good hope
A
S tip of Africa. Navigated to find a direct to India
6
Q
Da Gama
A
First European to reach India
7
Q
Christopher Columbus
A
Initiated European discoveries
8
Q
Ferdinand Magellan
A
1st to circumnavigate the world looking for passage to England
9
Q
Pax mongolica ending results
A
Silk Road not as safe, Ottoman Empire controlled eastern Mediterranean Sea and taxed trade
10
Q
Turning point of Spanish decline
A
British defeats Spanish Armada
11
Q
Line of demarcation
A
Line pope drew around the world to split Spain and Portugal
12
Q
Religious refugees went to
A
North America
13
Q
Latin America colonies came for
A
Economic
14
Q
French have better relationship with
A
Natives
7 years war
15
Q
East India company
A
Indian Ocean
16
Q
West India company
A
Atlantic and gulf
17
Q
Didn’t enslave
A
Natives
18
Q
Effects of Columbian exchange
A
Spread disease
Introduced potatoes
Bring horses and wheel to America
19
Q
Leapanto
A
Spanish victory vs Ottoman Empire
Spanish took control of med
20
Q
Mercantilism
A
Economic theory that stressed gov promotion of limitation of imports to improve taxes
21
Q
Better diet=
A
Pop. Boom
22
Q
China and Japan trade policy
A
Didn’t initiate
23
Q
Vasco de balboa
A
First spainard to start settlement on mainland of South America
24
Q
Francisco Pizarro
A
Led conquests of incas
25
Seven years war
Resulted in Prussian seizures of Austria
| English seizures of India and North America
26
Treaty of Paris
New France goes to England in exchange for French sugar island
27
New focus on what families
Nuclear
28
Cape colony
Dutch colony at cape of good hope
29
French power destroyed in
India
30
Won concerts in Philippines
Spanish missionaries
31
Invention of
Gutenberg printing press in vernacular languages so increase in literacy
32
Indulgences
Grants a person absolution from punishment for their sins
33
Martin Luther
Catholic Priest who's excommunication started Protestant church
Wrote 95 theses
34
John Calvin
Started Huguenots (French Protestant) and puritans
35
King Henry VIII
Wanted male heir
| Pope wouldn't let him divorce wife so he stated Church of England
36
John Knox
Presbyterian Scotland
37
People like Protestant because it was more
Egalitarian
38
Jesuits
Missionaries of Catholic Church
39
Council of Trent
Got rid of much of church's corruption wrote index of prohibited books
40
Henry IV
Converted to Catholicism
41
Thirty years war
Most of the fighting in Germany most of Europe
| Resulted in peace of Westphalia which allowed each area of Roman Empire to decide on on of 3 religious options
42
French civil war
Catholics kill Huguenots
43
Scientific revolution
People start turning away from religion
44
English civil revolution
Puritan revolution
| Got rid of monarch than restarted
45
Glorious revolution
No one dies
| William and Mary of the Netherlands come to rule James II flees
46
English bill of rights
Assured civil liberties signed by William and Mary
47
Intendants
Royal officials sent out to execute orders of central gov
48
Louis XIV
Dictator
refused to share power
Economic problems through war
49
Scientific advancements
Empiricism, Royal academy of science, newtons principia
50
Nicola Copernicus
Heliocentric
51
Johannes Kepler
Elliptical orbit
52
Struggle between science and
Catholic Church
53
Effects of scientific revolution
Technology,weakening of church, enlightenment
54
Deism
Belief that there is a god but he doesn't intervene
55
Proletariac
Working class
56
Adam smith
Wrote wealth of nations (capitalism)
57
Commercial revolution
Shift from local trading to international new world
58
Causes of commercial revolution
European colonies, new ocean trade routes, population growth, inflation
59
Joint stock companies
Owned by investor who bought stock in them
60
Causes of inflation
Too much silver
61
Many Philippines became
Christians
62
British and Dutch gov
Constitutionalist
63
French gov
Absolutist
64
2 parts of Renaissance
Italian and Flemish
65
Francesco and Boccaccio
Humanists secular
66
Nieolo Machiaveli
Similar to Thomas Hobbs against enlightenment wrote the prince
67
Italy declines because
Atlantic replaces med
68
Francis 1
First king of France
69
Ivan III
Ivan the great
Claimed descent from rurik
Freed Russia from Mongols
70
Expanded territory
Continuity
71
Adopted Mongol social habits but remained
Christian reduced Literacy rate
72
Russia called
3rd rome
73
Increase in
Serf
74
Ivan IV
Has good and bad years, killed heir, attached authority of boyars
Continues Russian expansion
75
Cossacks
Similar to pioneers, peasants recruited to settle newly seized land
76
Russian expansion caused central Asian nomads to
Disappear
77
Better contact with
Western Europe
78
Expansion caused Russia to be
Multicultural
79
Time of troubles
Boyars competed for power
The assembly of boyars chose a member of Romanov family to be tsar
Civil war boyars vs nobles
80
Trade fur grain and timber
Continuity
81
Romanov dynasty
Elected at the end of the times of trouble ruled for 300 years
82
Old believers
Russians who refused to accept reforms of Alexis Romanov exiled
83
Alexis Romanov
Michaels successor
Abolished assembly of nobles
Tried to purge church of Mongol influence
Restraints on serfs
84
Michael
```
Established order
Drove out facism
Expanded
Waging war on Poland and captured
Kiev
```
85
Economy based on
Agriculture
86
Peter I
```
Growth of absolutism/conquest
Parts of economy and culture become westernized
Peter the Great
Improved military
Weaponry
Eliminated noble courts
Encouraged women's rights
```
87
Westernization didn't affect
Peasantry
88
Manufacturing
Mining and making guns
89
Grand embassy
Peter goes to Western Europe and brings back ideas of economy and culture
90
Catherine the great
German born
Ruled after assassination of her husband
Gave appearance of enlightened ruled
Maintained nobility by giving them power over the serfs
91
Pugachev rebellion
Led by emelian pugachev who claimed to be tsar. Catherine crushed it
92
Won new territory from
Ottoman Empire
93
Encouraged exploration all the way to
The Americas
94
Partition of Poland
Division of Poland
| Eliminated independent Poland
95
Russia closed off doors to Western Europe during
French Revolution
96
Russian gov actively promoted
Serfdom
97
Manufacturing and technology ____ west
Lagged behind
98
Nation-state
Same culture through out
99
Fredrick the great
```
Ruled Prussia
Enlightened despot (absolute monarch) bureaucracy
```
100
No merchant
Class
101
Who opened the first navigation in Portugal
Prince Henry the navigator
