Early Middle Ages (500-1050) Flashcards
Dark Ages
deez boiz
Byzantine Empire
lasts until 1453, spans whole middle ages–successor to Rome
Justinian
(527-565)–Tried to establish Constantinople as showpiece–left some notable buildings like Hagia Sophia; law code Corpus Iuris CIvilis (that’s what Luther was bought);
Reconquers Italy and Vandal area (near Carthage)–led by General Belisarius;
Famous wife Theodora–wore the pants in the family?
Iconoclasm
sense that eastern religion loves images and stuff, but it was connected to idolatry by some occasionally. Breaking them is called iconoclasm
Eastern Empire of 500s
Sassanid Empire
successor kingdoms to the Western Roman Empire
Vandals (NA) Visigoths (SP) Ostrogoths (IT) France (GL) Burgundians (EFR) Alamanni (GR) Saxons (BR/NEU) Jutes (JL) Celtics (UK) (King Artorius resists UK being captured-- King Arthur
Authority of Pope
came from Roman Empire fall–pontifex maximus is greatest bridge-maker
St. Patrick
missionary
feudalism and clergy
Monks and priests were most educated people in society, so the church became heavily involved in feudalism. Every bishop and every abott was a feudal lord–but they had no knights
Cluny
Monastery that was free from feudal relationships and became the biggest one
Feudalism
De-centralized gov’t–local lords
Counts and dukes sprout up to lead smaller areas
Lord gives land to vassal in exchange for service (vassals have vassals and could pay homage to multiple lords)–roughly 40 days a year vassals had to serve lords
Peasants aren’t involved in system–90% that work the land
Church, then nobles, peasants
Manorialism/serfdom–economic structure of working the land
Church wants emperors for stability, to control feudal lords and keep state stable. Church wants centralized gov’t
Mohammed
(570-632) illiterate caravan driver who had a night flight to heaven at some rock where he wrote the Quran.
Muslim
one who submits–views world as muslims and everyone else. claims jesus is just a prophet
Hegira
622–moved from Mecca to Medina
Sunni
succession was through Abu Bakr, Mohammed’s right hand man and relative, have Caliphates
Shiite
next leader is Mohammed’s son in law Ali–first Shiite Imam–minority and more rigorous (Iran)
Kaaba
black box with meteorite in Mecca
Islam conquest
100 year takeover of Near East and Africa.
Fatimids are in Egypt
Cordoba in Spain
Abbasids–Baghdad
Pillars of Islam
Ramadan-fasting Zakat--giving Hajj--pilgrimage to Mecca Salat--prayer Shahada--confession
Donation of Constantine
declared part of Italy is Papal States, giving Pope secular authority–found fake news centuries later
Merovingians
military-less Pope allies with them since they are orthodox, not Arian. Clovis converts and establishes Dynasty of do-nothings supported by Pope.
Clovis (Merovingian)
496 baptized with 3000, hero of Christianity even though he wasn’t that great.
Carolingians
751 Pepin the Short takes over Pope’s authority, since Palace Mayors are running the show, not the kings
Donation of Pepin
repay Pope for being a good doge
Charles the Magne
768-814 crowned xmas 800 as Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. Series of wars–longest against Saxons. Wanted to expand Christendom, not just empire. lawgiver (capitularies–ad hoc laws). “David.” Anointed
Mark Graf
border count of Charlemagne
Missi Dominici
“those sent out by the lord”–agents to govern empire
Carolingian Miniscule
Latin texts translated by the Carolingians–80% of texts today
Alcuin
Lead dog at Charlemagne’s palace school
Louis the Pious
(814-840) divides empire among children (son of Charles the Magnus)
Treaty of Verdun IMPORTANT ITS BOLDED IN MY NOTES
843 divides Carolingian empire among Charlemagne’s grandchildren. Charles the Bald in France. Louis the German in, well… Lothar I thought he had it best in central territory. All ruled own territories
Lothar’s Regnum
Lotharingia–French and Germans fight over Alsace-LORRAINE –still fighting 1000 years later over it. Dissolve middle within 30 years
Strasburg Oath
Charles and Lious–One written in pseudo French from Latin, one written in early German
Aachen/Aix-la-Chapelle
capital of Carolingian Empire
Invaders of 9th and 10th centuries
vikings–naval invasion from scandinavia. mostly just pillaging some stuff (reference), were given Normandy. Some Normans go south and form Norman Kingdom in Italy. Muslims and Magyars also (from north of Danube, pushed back by Franks, came from same place as Huns. Area becomes Hungary Speak Magyar.
Anglo-Saxon England
Romans withdrew from Britain when Rome was sacked
Power vacuum replaced by Saxon peoples (Wessex, Sussex, Essex)–Angles set up East Anglia, Jutes settle Kent-Canterbury
Britons and Celts–native people. During Saxon invasions, Britons leave West Saxon and go to Northern France–Brittany (King Arthur)
Alfred the Great (871-899)–English Charlemagne form Wessex, unites everything but Danelaw
Saxon Dynasty (Germany)
Otto I (936-973), Otto II, Otto III
