Archaic Age of Greece (750-500)

Question 1

Archaic Greece

Answer 1

growth of city states. Hellenic. Populations growing, farms to small to support people, trade increased

Question 2

polis

Answer 2

city-state, encouraged dedication to model citizenship through culture, religion, education, and sports. Small poleis encouraged humanist activism for the sake of survival. Maximizing potential and conforming to the norm is expected

Question 3

hoplite

Answer 3

foot soldier characterized by hoplon-shield and 70 pounds of equipment, spear and short sword and helm

Question 4

phalanx

Answer 4

8 rank deep, only front have weapons

Question 5

oikos

Answer 5

household. Women only good for having offspring, since cititzenship is hereditary

Question 6

agora

Answer 6

marketplace

Question 7

symposia

Answer 7

drinking parties and primaly social interaction for a man. Sometimes involved hetairae, professional prostitutes

Question 8

Sparta

Answer 8

Lycurgus (800s) plan. men leave for military at 6 or 7. citizenship at 30. acclamation. 7:1 helots. women have unique freedom. weakness: Low population and high mortality. no real classes. Krypteia–secret police. missed out on culture since they were closed

Question 9

Spartan gov’t

Answer 9

Two Kings–priests and leaders, Gerousia Council (60 or older, wisdom of Sparta, advisors), Ephors–5 magistrates who check king’s power.
Totalitarian, flat–>
Everything stays the same, few checks and balances, leaning towards military
Philosophers said Sparta was equal, stable, inflexible, and they idealized that; not evil (mirage)
Marriages arranged

Question 10

Athens (just look at your notes).

Answer 10

Ionian-speaking community around the Acropolis, a rocky plateau that was a fortress and rallying point for early people of the Attican plain.
Aristocracy called Council of the Areopagus (elders of families), executed by 3 archons
Athens had an unregulated society, which promoted change, not stagnant like Sparta
People prospered as trade increased, thus the aristocracy became an oligarchy (money, not birth)
People grew own food, were indebted to rich during poor crop seasons
Tyranny–rule by someone who seizes power
632–Olympic games winner Cylon seizes Acropolis, but people weren’t ready to rebel.
Council in 620 told aristocrat Draco to reform Athenian justice system–oral traditations favored powerful
Draconian law today–extremely severe.
Solon
594–Solon given authority to reorganize the polis–ended debts, gave poor other jobs, promoted trade, gave loans, invited skilled laborers to settle. Wealthy people began importing grain and started growing more profitable olives and grapes. Restructured economy
Solon reserved Archonships for people, lesser offices for hoplite armor people, poor had juries and voting–class system. Boule–400 reps from 4 tribes to prepare agendas for meetings.
Slavery outlawed
560 Peisistratus seizes gov’t. “Good tyrant”–trade, loans public works, festivals. Tax exemption for those who complained, put himself under the law
Son Hipparchus killed, other becomes suspicious
508 Cleisthenes became city tyrant–gerrymandered demes. Each tribe chose 50 members for new 500 member boule. Divided year into 10 sections for each 50 man tribe of boule to meet daily as the prytaneis. Cast lots for chief executive of the day.
Ostracism–special vote where electorate took ostraca (pottery fragments) and scratch name of dangerous men, 6000 meant 10 year exile.
Efficient gov’t (efficiency and effectiveness); has depth and more checks and balances
Athenian gov’t comes through series of tyrannies
Miltiades was archon during Greek-Persian wars, and he was leader for long time
Assembly met about every 10 days
Council of 500 would bring agenda (boule), like Senate
Areopagus are judicial guys
5th century is Sparta and Athenian golden age