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Pediatric PT Exam 1 > Early Developmental Skills > Flashcards

Early Developmental Skills Flashcards

1
Q

Prone: First on _____, then onto _____

A

Elbows

Hands

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2
Q

Prone: Initially with elbows _____ ____ ___ with shoulders

A

Out of line

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3
Q

Prone:
First changes in _____/_____ so WB with _____ _____

Then arms ______ so elbows are under ______

First, ___ ____ WS then shifts to ______ _____ ( __ months) so child can reach toward toy

On extended arms at ____ months

A

Flexion/extension
Wide BOS

Adduct, shoulders

Face side, skull side, 5 months

6 months

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4
Q

Prone:
Pelvis _______
Pelvis lowers, followed by decreased _______
Last thing to change is _____

A

Elevated
Abduction
ER

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5
Q

Prone:
Hands loosely _____ when in new position
Hands open with experience and improved _______

A

Fisted

Balance

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6
Q

Prone:
At ___ months, rolls to supine
At ___ months, swimming
At ___ months, pivots

A

3
4
6

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7
Q

Prone: Red Flags:

What are red flags at 3 months?

A

Dislikes prone

Unable to prop even wide BOS

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8
Q

Prone: Red Flags: What are red flags at 5-6 months?

A

Irregular leg positions — Adduction, IR, extremely wide BOS

Poor WB on hands

Persistent WS to face side

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9
Q

Prone: Red Flags: What are red flags at 6 months?

A

Unable to roll

Rolls with hyperextension

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10
Q

Prone: Red Flags: What are red flags at 6-7 months?

A

No evidence of propulsion (lateral or forward)

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11
Q

Supine: Hands to…
Body ( __ months)
Knee (__ months)

Feet to mouth (__ months)
Plays with feet in space (__ months)

A

3
4

5
6

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12
Q

Supine: What is supposed to happen at 5 months between LE and UE

A

Dissociated LE and UE movements

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13
Q

Supine: At 7 months, what occurs?

A

The baby rolls to PRONE!

Rarely stays in supine

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14
Q

Supine: Red Flags: What are red flags that occur at 5 months?

A

Lack of antigravity flexion

Poor pelvic control

Poor dissociation between UE and LE

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15
Q

Supine: Red Flags: What are red flags at 6 months?

A

Lack of LATERAL FLEXION

Inability to roll/rolls with hyperextension

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16
Q

Sitting: Sitting with ____ BOS, propping _____, or sits with _____ _______, at (___ months)

_____ _____ if supported

A

Wide
Forward
Wide BOS
5 months

Head righting

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17
Q

Sitting: What happens at 6 months?

A

Independent sitting!

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18
Q

Sitting: At 6 months, ___ stabilizes

Will fall to the _____

A

LE

Sides

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19
Q

Sitting: What happens at 7 months?

A

Vaults forward to QP

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20
Q

Sitting: When will the baby rotate to QP?

A

9 months

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21
Q

Sitting: What happens at 8 months?

A

Variety of sitting positions

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22
Q

Sitting: What happens at 9 months?

A

Functional position

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23
Q

Sitting: When does the baby achieve a true long sit?

A

10 months

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24
Q

Sitting: What happens at 11 months?

A

Bench sits

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25
Q

Sitting: Red Flags: What are red flags at 5 months?

A

Inability to sit forward

Scapular adduction/guarding position even when supported

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26
Q

Sitting: Red Flags: What are red flags at 6 months?

A

Inability to sit independently!

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27
Q

Sitting: Red Flags: What are red flags at 6-7 months?

A

See WS at RIB CAGE rather than PELVIS

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28
Q

Sitting: Red Flags: What are red flags at 9 months?

A

Lack of variety of positions

No transitions in and out of sitting

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29
Q

Sitting: Red Flags: What are red flags at 10 months?

A

Inability to move out of W sit

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30
Q

Forward progression/QP: What age does the baby move into QP from prone?

A

7 months

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31
Q

Forward progression/QP: When the baby is in QP, what movements occur when it is rocking?

A

Wide BOS
ER
Abducted

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32
Q

Forward progression/QP: When does the baby belly crawl?

A

7 months

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33
Q

Forward progression/QP: What happens at 8 months?

A

CRAWLING!

May be with ONE foot forward

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34
Q

Forward progression/QP: What is the baby’s primary mode of locomotion?

35
Q

Forward progression/QP: Red Flags: What are red flags at 7 months?

A

Persistence of anterior pelvic tilt

Bunny hopping

36
Q

Forward progression/QP: Red Flags: What are red flags at 11 months?

A

Abdominal sag

Excessive lumbar lordosis in QP or crawling

37
Q

Forward progression/QP: Red Flags: What are red flags at 12 months?

38
Q

Pull to standing: Pushes from ___
___ stiffly extended symmetrically
This occurs at how many months?

39
Q

Pull to standing: What happens at 8 months?

A

Pull to stand through partial HALF kneel

40
Q

Pull to standing: what happens at 10 months?

A

Rise to stand thru a squat

41
Q

Pull to standing: What are the red flags for pull to standing?

And what month is it considered a red flag?

A

Pulls to stand with stiff LE at 11 months

42
Q

Kneeling:

What does kneeling look like at 8 months?

A

WIDE BOS

Hip and knee FLEXION

Dorsiflexion

43
Q

Kneeling:

What does kneeling look like at 10 months?

A

Independent with slight hip flexion

44
Q

Kneeling: What does kneeling look like at 11 months?

A

Synergistic Activity of HIP FLEXION AND EXTENSION

45
Q

Kneeling: At 11 months, the foot relaxes into ___ position

46
Q

Kneeling: What happens at 12 months?

A

Independent HALF kneeling

Hands free for play

47
Q

Kneeling: What are red flags, and what month is it considered a red flag?

A

Excessive lordosis

Continued ankle DF

At 12 months

48
Q

Standing mobility: What happens at 5 months?

49
Q

Standing mobility: What happens at 6 months?

A

FWB

Reaching if supported

50
Q

Standing mobility: What happens at 7 months?

A

Standing at a surface

51
Q

Standing mobility: At 7 months, there is a trade off between ___ and ____

52
Q

Standing mobility: At 7 months, the baby is _______ and _____ _____ ____

A

Cruising

Playing with toys

53
Q

Standing mobility: Falls to ____

54
Q

Standing mobility: What happens at 8 months?

A

Reaches for toy on floor

55
Q

Standing mobility: What happens at 9 months?

A

Rotates — cruising faces forward

56
Q

Standing mobility: What 2 things happen at 10 months?

A
  1. Squatting and climbing

2. Walks with ONE hand held (cruises around corners and open spaces)

57
Q

Standing mobility: Beginning independent _____ and _____

A

Standing and steps

58
Q

Standing mobility: What are red flags at 9 months?

A

Difficult unweighting foot to cruise

Leaning on furniture

59
Q

Standing mobility: What are red flags at 10 months

A

Unable to use hands when standing with external support

60
Q

Standing mobility: What are red flags at 11 months?

A

Standing with stiff LEs

61
Q

Standing mobility: What are red flags at 12 months?

A

Scap adduction when externally supported

Still knees or on toes

62
Q

Gait changes: ____-____ months average independent walking

63
Q

Gait changes: at 11-15 months, BOS ____ after ___ months after independent walking

A

Decreases

4.5

64
Q

Gait changes: Temporal phasing occurs ____ months after independent walking

65
Q

Gait changes: ____ months consistent heel strike, but can occur as early as ___ months

66
Q

Gait changes: What age do you get reciprocal arm swing?

A

2.5 - 3 years

67
Q

Gait changes: What age do you have a MATURE walking pattern?

68
Q

Gait changes: EMGs mature pattern at what ages?

69
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies:
What do you see in a full term baby at 4 weeks?

Preterm baby?

A

Full: posture dominated by flexion
Sitting with head in midline

Pre: Posture dominated by extension
Sitting with very rounded posture and forward head

70
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: At 8 weeks?

A

Full: Prone suspension, head in line with body

Preterm: Prone suspension, COMPLETE FLEXION

71
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: At 6 months, prone position

A

Full term: weight on pelvis, lateral WS during reaching

Pre: weight on lower rib cage, minimal head righting

72
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: At 6 months, in supine

A

Full: reaches for feet secondary to abdominal and pelvic control
Rolling with rotation

Pre: No reaching for knees
May roll with hyperextension of back

73
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: At 6 months, in sitting position

A

Full term: arms free, beginning WS

Preterm: Propped, back rounded, lack of weight shift

74
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: at 6 months, in standing position

A

Full term: bears weight with wide BOS
Grading flex/ext

Preterm: minimal WB
Often up on toes
Stiffening of LE or extremely wide BOS

75
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: At 9 months?

A

Full: crawls on ALL fours, trunk NEUTRAL

Preterm: If crawling, with wide BOS, lordosis, shoulder elevation

76
Q

Differences between FULL term and PRETERM babies: at 12 months?

A

Full: stands alone
Walks at least with help, narrow base
Transitions in and sitting with lateral WS

Preterm: stands with supports
Arms out to side, stiffening of LE, lordosis
Difficulty with transitions secondary to poor lateral WS

77
Q

Ambulation Potential: Predictors of ambulation/nonambulation?

A

Presence of primitive reflexes
(ATNR, STNR, Tonic lab, Moro*, neck righting, positive supporting)

-Obligatory

78
Q

Ambulation Potential: Predictors or independent of assisted ambulation?

________ _________ by 2 years
No children who sat after _____ years became ambulatory

A

Sitting independently

3

79
Q

Ambulation Potential: Type of CP

_______ have best prognosis, usually by 2.5 years
________ have good prognosis for independent or assisted ambulation, _______% will ambulation
_________ have poor prognosis, ______% become ambulatory

A

Hemiplegia

Diplegic, 86-90%

Quadruplegic, 0-27%

80
Q

Ambulation Potential: Intelligence

In Downs, ___% become ambulatory

In CP, only ____%

81
Q

Ambulation Potential: For future independent ambulators, will ambulate by _____ months

82
Q

Ambulation Potential: Only a few children achieve assisted ambulation after ____ years

83
Q

Ambulation Potential: However, children with poor prognosis should undergo _____ _______
-They will get ______ experience, _______ _______, and _______ benefits

A

Ambulating training

Upright, weight bearing, cardiovascular benefits

84
Q

Ambulation Potential: Provides early modes of ______ _______

A

Independent mobility

Pediatric PT Exam 1 (14 decks)

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