Developmental Concepts Flashcards
6 developmental concepts
- Cephalocaudal (head control before trunk control)
- Asymmetric - symmetric
- Flexion - extension
- Mobility - stability
- Proximal - distal
- Gross - to fine motor (mass vs. discrete movements) (dissociation)
What does cephalocaudal mean?
Head to tail/foot
Cephalocaudal: _____ control starts first progression down the spine
HEAD
Cephalocaudal: You need ____ control.
See progression of development of ____ ____ moving level to level
Core
Erector spinae
Cephalocaudal: What are some examples?
Prone extension
Lateral righting reactions: if you tip baby, head starts coming back to right position.
If they lack control, hands come up to guarding position. Baby doesn’t have control of trunk yet
Cephalocaudal: Becomes foundation for ____ and free use of _____
Control
Extremities
Development of symmetry: Do you have asymmetry or symmetry at birth?
SYMMETRY
If baby has asymmetry at BIRTH, what happened?
The baby had a stroke
When should asymmetry be max?
At 2 months
You will see _____ at 2 months, what will you see as an abnormality?
ATNR
Baby will get stuck in this position: abnormal
At what age does the baby regain symmetry?
4 months
What age does hand dominance occur?
4-6 years of age
Should you see a preference when babies are playing with their hands?
You may see preferences, but they should be using both extremities to play. Should not be able to performance as well with other hand
Antigravity control: Baby starts out in physiological ______
Flexion
Antigravity control: A premature baby will move out into ____ too quick
Extension
Antigravity control: Start by lifting head in ____ position
Prone
Antigravity control: _____ slightly precedes _____
Extension
Flexion
“Back to sleep, tummy to play”
Antigravity control: When you have a balance of flexion and extension, this enables the use of what two motions?
Rotation and lateral flexion
Rotation requires ____ _____
Complex control
Antigravity control: If you have too much ext/flex, won’t allow ______ ____, ____ ____, _______
Lateral flexion
Righting reactions
Balance
Antigravity control: Examples:
Head lifting in prone (first), and supine (second)
Righting and equilibrium reactions (extension looks better than flexion initially)
Mobility vs. Stability: Baby start in _______ (physiological flexion)
Stability
Mobility vs. Stability: Starts to mobilize ______
Extremities
Gross swiping
(Kicking)
Mobility vs. Stability: Assumes new position and gains __________
UE posturing to assist in ____ _______
New _______ requires _______ first
Stability
UE positions
Position, stability
Mobility vs. Stability: First, distal _____ with proximal _____
Stability
Mobility
Distal component fixed as proximal component in moving (Quadruped)
Mobility vs. Stability: Second, ______ stability with _____ mobility
Proximal stability with distal mobility
Example: crawling - core is working
Reaching - distal mobility at hand, stabilizing at shoulder
QP —> crawling
Proximal to distal progression:
Proximal: _________
Distal: ________
Closer to head/trunk
Away from head/trunk
Proximal to distal progression: What are the most distal components?
Hands (fingers)
Feet (toes)
Proximal to distal progression: Examples?
Handwriting- entire arm moves, then you can start to use only distal component
Gait heel strike- Proximal to distal - heel strike comes later
Proximal to distal progression: With mechanical stability, child may utilize some ______ control (scratching in prone)
Distal
Kid sitting in corner of couch) (High chair with tray
Mass vs. Discrete Movements: Larger, inefficient movements become _____ and ______
Refine
Discrete
Mass vs. Discrete Movements: Examples:
Reaching: More _____, ______ movement
Ball skills: Trapping - with ____ movement first. Needs to be timed or else ball hits chest. ______ to _______ balls
Gait: Begins with _____, _____ movements, slowly becomes more ______
Directed, refined
Gross
Large to small balls
Gross, massed — becomes more refined
Dissociation:
Total ____ and _____ movements become refined, so there are components of both ____ and _____ if the task requires it
Flexion and extension
Flexion and extension
Dissociation: Breaking out of _______
Initially are _______/________, then start breaking out
Synergies
Flexion/extension
Dissociation:
Initially don’t even have dissociation btw ____ and _____ body
Upper and lower
Dissociation: Babies may even be reaching with _____ and ______, but older child should no longer have these patterns
Hands and feet
Dissociation: Examples:
Gait —> (knee phases) - dissociation instead of all joints ____ or ____
Flexing or extending
Dissociation: Examples:
Grasping with portion of the hand.
Starts with _____ grasp - rake object into hand
No _____ movements
By end of _____ year, can pincer grasp — dissociate across hand
Gross
Refined
First
Dissociation: In hand manipulation in _____ and _____
Pre-K and kindergarten
Quality of Development: Child may be able to roll- move into __________ then gravity kicks in to complete movement
Hyperextension
Quality of Development: Developmental checklists typically determine _______ of motor skills
Quality
Quality of Development: Note new motor skills do not have ____ quality until later in ______
Good
Practice
(Even for adults)
(Freezing DOF, then get better)
WB and WS Development:
Weight bearing: At 1st, child utilizes ____ BOS to provide _____ stability
Wide
External
WB and WS Development: (prone on elbows= ____ position of WB of babies)
First
WB and WS Development: Weight shifting: At first, WS to ______ ______ which does not enable reaching toward toy.
Need to move ____ side to reach object
Face side
Skull side
WB and WS Development: Examples:
Walking: Need to _____ ____ WS to free up limb to reach with foot
Jumping/hopping: Need to have WS ________
Skull Side
Perfected
Refinement of Balance: balance is perfected in a ____ ___ position while the child is developing skills in a ____ position
Lower level
New
Refinement of Balance: Baby is just managing sitting; Don’t have good balance in sitting, but starting to _____
Crawl
Moving forward before perfecting previous movement
Refinement of Balance: Sitting and QP: Perfecting _____, and already moving to ____
Sitting
QP
Transitional Movements: First- transitions in ______ plane
Straight
Transitional Movements: Example: Sitting to ____
QP
Transitional Movements: Baby in criss cross, leans forward into QP, later on the baby will _____
Rotate
Transitional Movements: Facilitation works on _____ movement, kid already has vaulting
Rotational
Transitional Movements: Progress to moving with ______ movements
Rotational
Transitional Movements: Decreased use of ____ for transitions
UE
Transitional Movements: If using more hands still… shows decreased development in _____ and ____
Core and LE
Transitional Movements: Examples:
Sitting —> ______ —> Quadruped
Prone
