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Pediatric PT Exam 1 > Developmental Concepts > Flashcards

Developmental Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

6 developmental concepts

A
  1. Cephalocaudal (head control before trunk control)
  2. Asymmetric - symmetric
  3. Flexion - extension
  4. Mobility - stability
  5. Proximal - distal
  6. Gross - to fine motor (mass vs. discrete movements) (dissociation)
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2
Q

What does cephalocaudal mean?

A

Head to tail/foot

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3
Q

Cephalocaudal: _____ control starts first progression down the spine

A

HEAD

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4
Q

Cephalocaudal: You need ____ control.

See progression of development of ____ ____ moving level to level

A

Core

Erector spinae

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5
Q

Cephalocaudal: What are some examples?

A

Prone extension
Lateral righting reactions: if you tip baby, head starts coming back to right position.
If they lack control, hands come up to guarding position. Baby doesn’t have control of trunk yet

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6
Q

Cephalocaudal: Becomes foundation for ____ and free use of _____

A

Control

Extremities

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7
Q

Development of symmetry: Do you have asymmetry or symmetry at birth?

A

SYMMETRY

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8
Q

If baby has asymmetry at BIRTH, what happened?

A

The baby had a stroke

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9
Q

When should asymmetry be max?

A

At 2 months

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10
Q

You will see _____ at 2 months, what will you see as an abnormality?

A

ATNR

Baby will get stuck in this position: abnormal

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11
Q

At what age does the baby regain symmetry?

A

4 months

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12
Q

What age does hand dominance occur?

A

4-6 years of age

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13
Q

Should you see a preference when babies are playing with their hands?

A

You may see preferences, but they should be using both extremities to play. Should not be able to performance as well with other hand

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14
Q

Antigravity control: Baby starts out in physiological ______

A

Flexion

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15
Q

Antigravity control: A premature baby will move out into ____ too quick

A

Extension

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16
Q

Antigravity control: Start by lifting head in ____ position

A

Prone

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17
Q

Antigravity control: _____ slightly precedes _____

A

Extension
Flexion

“Back to sleep, tummy to play”

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18
Q

Antigravity control: When you have a balance of flexion and extension, this enables the use of what two motions?

A

Rotation and lateral flexion

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19
Q

Rotation requires ____ _____

A

Complex control

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20
Q

Antigravity control: If you have too much ext/flex, won’t allow ______ ____, ____ ____, _______

A

Lateral flexion
Righting reactions
Balance

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21
Q

Antigravity control: Examples:

A

Head lifting in prone (first), and supine (second)

Righting and equilibrium reactions (extension looks better than flexion initially)

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22
Q

Mobility vs. Stability: Baby start in _______ (physiological flexion)

A

Stability

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23
Q

Mobility vs. Stability: Starts to mobilize ______

A

Extremities

Gross swiping
(Kicking)

24
Q

Mobility vs. Stability: Assumes new position and gains __________
UE posturing to assist in ____ _______
New _______ requires _______ first

A

Stability
UE positions
Position, stability

25
Q

Mobility vs. Stability: First, distal _____ with proximal _____

A

Stability
Mobility

Distal component fixed as proximal component in moving (Quadruped)

26
Q

Mobility vs. Stability: Second, ______ stability with _____ mobility

A

Proximal stability with distal mobility

Example: crawling - core is working
Reaching - distal mobility at hand, stabilizing at shoulder
QP —> crawling

27
Q

Proximal to distal progression:
Proximal: _________
Distal: ________

A

Closer to head/trunk

Away from head/trunk

28
Q

Proximal to distal progression: What are the most distal components?

A

Hands (fingers)

Feet (toes)

29
Q

Proximal to distal progression: Examples?

A

Handwriting- entire arm moves, then you can start to use only distal component

Gait heel strike- Proximal to distal - heel strike comes later

30
Q

Proximal to distal progression: With mechanical stability, child may utilize some ______ control (scratching in prone)

A

Distal

Kid sitting in corner of couch) (High chair with tray

31
Q

Mass vs. Discrete Movements: Larger, inefficient movements become _____ and ______

A

Refine

Discrete

32
Q

Mass vs. Discrete Movements: Examples:
Reaching: More _____, ______ movement
Ball skills: Trapping - with ____ movement first. Needs to be timed or else ball hits chest. ______ to _______ balls
Gait: Begins with _____, _____ movements, slowly becomes more ______

A

Directed, refined
Gross
Large to small balls
Gross, massed — becomes more refined

33
Q

Dissociation:

Total ____ and _____ movements become refined, so there are components of both ____ and _____ if the task requires it

A

Flexion and extension

Flexion and extension

34
Q

Dissociation: Breaking out of _______

Initially are _______/________, then start breaking out

A

Synergies

Flexion/extension

35
Q

Dissociation:

Initially don’t even have dissociation btw ____ and _____ body

A

Upper and lower

36
Q

Dissociation: Babies may even be reaching with _____ and ______, but older child should no longer have these patterns

A

Hands and feet

37
Q

Dissociation: Examples:

Gait —> (knee phases) - dissociation instead of all joints ____ or ____

A

Flexing or extending

38
Q

Dissociation: Examples:
Grasping with portion of the hand.
Starts with _____ grasp - rake object into hand
No _____ movements
By end of _____ year, can pincer grasp — dissociate across hand

A

Gross
Refined
First

39
Q

Dissociation: In hand manipulation in _____ and _____

A

Pre-K and kindergarten

40
Q

Quality of Development: Child may be able to roll- move into __________ then gravity kicks in to complete movement

A

Hyperextension

41
Q

Quality of Development: Developmental checklists typically determine _______ of motor skills

A

Quality

42
Q

Quality of Development: Note new motor skills do not have ____ quality until later in ______

A

Good
Practice

(Even for adults)
(Freezing DOF, then get better)

43
Q

WB and WS Development:

Weight bearing: At 1st, child utilizes ____ BOS to provide _____ stability

A

Wide

External

44
Q

WB and WS Development: (prone on elbows= ____ position of WB of babies)

A

First

45
Q

WB and WS Development: Weight shifting: At first, WS to ______ ______ which does not enable reaching toward toy.

Need to move ____ side to reach object

A

Face side

Skull side

46
Q

WB and WS Development: Examples:
Walking: Need to _____ ____ WS to free up limb to reach with foot
Jumping/hopping: Need to have WS ________

A

Skull Side

Perfected

47
Q

Refinement of Balance: balance is perfected in a ____ ___ position while the child is developing skills in a ____ position

A

Lower level

New

48
Q

Refinement of Balance: Baby is just managing sitting; Don’t have good balance in sitting, but starting to _____

A

Crawl

Moving forward before perfecting previous movement

49
Q

Refinement of Balance: Sitting and QP: Perfecting _____, and already moving to ____

A

Sitting

QP

50
Q

Transitional Movements: First- transitions in ______ plane

A

Straight

51
Q

Transitional Movements: Example: Sitting to ____

A

QP

52
Q

Transitional Movements: Baby in criss cross, leans forward into QP, later on the baby will _____

A

Rotate

53
Q

Transitional Movements: Facilitation works on _____ movement, kid already has vaulting

A

Rotational

54
Q

Transitional Movements: Progress to moving with ______ movements

A

Rotational

55
Q

Transitional Movements: Decreased use of ____ for transitions

A

UE

56
Q

Transitional Movements: If using more hands still… shows decreased development in _____ and ____

A

Core and LE

57
Q

Transitional Movements: Examples:

Sitting —> ______ —> Quadruped

A

Prone

Pediatric PT Exam 1 (14 decks)

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