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ENT > Ear anatomy > Flashcards

Ear anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What bone are all the parts of the ear found within?

A

temporal bone

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the temporal bone?

A

squamous part and petrous part

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3
Q

What part of the temporal bone is the EAM found?

A

petrous part

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4
Q

What bones contribute to the pterion?

A

frontal; temporal; parietal and sphenoid

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5
Q

What is important about the pterion?

A

thinnest part of skull

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6
Q

What happens in the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?

A

where the TMJ is-mandiblular connection the the skul

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7
Q

Where is the stylomastoid foramen found?

A

between the styloid and mastoid processes

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8
Q

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

facial nerve

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9
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and labynthine artery and vein

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10
Q

What is the labyrinthine artery a branch of?

A

the circle of Willis

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11
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A

motor to face and stapedius; taste to ant. 2/3rds of tongue; secretomotor to salivary glands and lacrimal gland and general sensory to external ear

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12
Q

Where is the IAM found?

A

just inferior to petrous ridge in post. cranial fossa

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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14
Q

What is the external ear?

A

aurical to tympanic membrane

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15
Q

What is the function of external ear?

A

collects and coneys sound waves to tympanic membrane

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16
Q

What is the function of middle ear?

A

amplifies and conducts sound waves to the internal ear

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17
Q

What is the middle ear defined as?

A

tympanic memrane to oval window and eustachian tube

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18
Q

What is the internal ear defined as?

A

oval window to internal acoustic meatus

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19
Q

What is the function of internal ear?

A

converts special sensory information from sound waves to fluid waves to APs

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20
Q

What is the external ear composed of?

A

temporal bone; elastic cartilage; avascular; nutrients from skin

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21
Q

What is the ear canal composed of?

A

1/3rd cartilage and 2/3rds bony

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22
Q

What glands produce ear wax?

A

ceruminous glands

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23
Q

What nerves supply the ear canal and tympanic membrane?

A

CN V3 and X

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24
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply?

A

inferior parts of EAM and tympanic membrane

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25
Q

What does the mandibular nerve supply?

A

superior parts of EAM and most of the tympanic membrane

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26
Q

What nerves supply the external ear?

A

SPINAL nerves C2 and C3

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27
Q

What other nerve has a supply to the external ear?

A

facial nerve- not really significantly

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28
Q

Where does lymph from the lateral surface of superior half of auricle drain to?

A

parotid nodes

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29
Q

where does lymph from cranial surface of superior half of auricle drain?

A

mastoid and deep cervical

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30
Q

Where does lymph from the rest of the auricle drain to?

A

superficial cervical nodes

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31
Q

Where does all lymph from the auricle eventually drain?

A

deep cervical nodes

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32
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes located?

A

carotid sheath

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33
Q

What is pars flaccida?

A

the thin part of the tympanic membrane

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34
Q

Where is the pars flaccida located on the membrane?

A

superiorly

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35
Q

What is umbo?

A

the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane

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36
Q

What pars tensa?

A

the thick part of the tympanic membrane

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37
Q

Where is the pars tensa located?

A

posteroinferiorly

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38
Q

Where should the cone of light normally be directed to?

A

anteroinferiorly

39
Q

What nerve supplies the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

40
Q

What does the glossopharngeal nerve provide sensory innervation?

A

middle ear cavity; eustachian tube; nasopharynx; oropharynx; tonsils

41
Q

What does the eustachian tube connect?

A

the tympanic cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

42
Q

What are the 3 bones of the middle ear?

A

malleus; incus and stapes

43
Q

What are teh 2 muscles foudn within the middle ear?

A

stapedius and tensor tympani

44
Q

How do the auditory ossicles articulate?

A

via synovial joints

45
Q

What bone is adherent to the internal aspect of hte tympanic membrane?

A

handle of malleus

46
Q

What creates the umbo in the membrane?

A

handle of malleus

47
Q

What bone fits into the oval window?

A

base (footplate) of stapes

48
Q

What is found superior to the tympanic membrane?

A

epitympanic recess

49
Q

What nerve supplies tensor tympani?

A

V3

50
Q

What nerve supplies stapedius?

A

facial nerve

51
Q

What is found on the anterior wall of the middle ear?

A

superiorly- eustachian tube

inferiorly- chorda tympani exit

52
Q

Where does the chorda tympani travel?

A

between the posterior wall between incus and malleus to the anterior wall

53
Q

What is found on the medial wall?

A

bulge- promontery; ridges- semicircular canals; oval window; facial nerve- travelling through the facial canal from the IAM

54
Q

What forms the promontery?

A

the cochlea

55
Q

What is found on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

aditus; chorda tympani enterance; stapedius

56
Q

What is aditus?

A

doorway into the mastoid antrum from the epitympanic recess

57
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the laryngopharynx?

A

vagus

58
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the naso/oropharynx?

A

glossopharyngeal

59
Q

Where is the facial nerves connection to the CNS?

A

brainstem at pontomedullary junction

60
Q

What is chorda tympani?

A

a branch of the facial nerve

61
Q

What does chorda tympani supply?

A

taste buds of the ant. 2/3rds of the tongue and parasym to submandibular and sublingual salviary glands

62
Q

What is the function of stapedius?

A

reduces stapes movement to potect the internal ear from excessive noise

63
Q

What does the facial canal connect?

A

the internal acoustic meatus to the stylomastoid foramen

64
Q

What is the function of tensor tympani?

A

dampens the noise produced by chewing- same nerve supply as msucles of mastication

65
Q

What nerve joins the chorda tympani?

A

the lingual nerve branch of V3

66
Q

What do the muslces of facial expression originate and insert onto?

A

originate on bone and insert onto superifical fascia

67
Q

How can frontalis be tested?

A

raise eyebrows

68
Q

How can orbicularis oculi be tested?

A

close eyes really hard

69
Q

How can the elevators of lips be tested?

A

smiling

70
Q

How can orbicularis oris be tested?

A

maintain puffed out cheeks

71
Q

What is the significance of the buccal fat pad?

A

its loss is a clinical sign of malnutrition- gives sunken cheeks look

72
Q

What are the 2 parts of the 8th cranial nerve?

A

cochlear and vestibular nerves

73
Q

What is the otic capsule?

A

extermely dense bone in temporal bone

74
Q

What is contained within the otic capsule?

A

bony labyrinth

75
Q

What type of fluid fills the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymph

76
Q

What is suspendeed within the perilymph of the bony labyrinth?

A

a membranous labyrinth

77
Q

What type of fluid is contained within the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

78
Q

What are the 3 semicircular canals?

A

superior; lateral and posterior

79
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cochlea?

A

cupula (apex of spiral) and 1st and 2nd turns

80
Q

What is the cochlear duct?

A

a long balloon- like structure within the cochlea filled with endolymph

81
Q

How are APs conducted to the brainstem from the cochlea?

A

cochlear nerve

82
Q

How do APs from the semicircular ducts reach the brainstem?

A

via the vestibular nerve

83
Q

What are clusters of hair cells called?

A

maculae

84
Q

What do the utricles detect?

A

horizontal movement change

85
Q

What do the saccules detect?

A

vertical movement change

86
Q

What do the semicircular ducts detect?

A

angular movement change

87
Q

How are hair cells stimulated?

A

by movement of endolymph

88
Q

Where are hair cells found?

A

at specific sites in the ampulla

89
Q

How is sound trasmitted through the internal ear?

A

sound waves make tympanic membrane vibrate; which are transmitted through ossicles; base of stapes vibrates in oval window which creates pressure waves in perilymph which changes shape in membranous ducts which moves the hair cells in the cochlea, pressure waves descen and become vibrations again which are dampened at the round window

90
Q

What detects auditory stimuli?

A

receptor cells in the organ of Corti

91
Q

Where is the organ of Corti located?

A

basilar membrane of cohlear duct

92
Q

What suspends the cochlear duct?

A

spiral ligamnet

93
Q

What is the cochlear canal divided into?

A

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

94
Q

Where does CN VIII connect with the brainstem?

A

pontomedullary junction

ENT (13 decks)

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