Anatomy of the Pharynx Flashcards
Where is the oral vestibule located?
between the lips and teeth
What is the sublingual caruncle?
opening for submandibular gland
What is the sublingual caruncle a part of?
frenulum
What are the 2 muscles of the of the floor of the mouth?
geniohyoid; mylohyoid
What nerve supplies geniohyoid?
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
what nerve supplies mylohyoid?
V3
Where does the parotid gland enter the mouth?
by upper 2nd molar
How does the submandibular gland enter the mouth?
via lingual caruncle
how does the aublingual gland enter the mouth?
lays in floor of mouth and secreste vis severeal ducts
What nerve suppleois the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
CN VII
What does chorda tympni join to on its way to supply the salivary glands?
lingual nerve branch of V3
What is the secretomotor nerve supply to the parotid?
CN IX
How does CN IX get to the parotid gland?
synapses at the otic ganglion and travels on the auriculotemporal branch of V3
What nerve supplies general sensory to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
V3
what nerve supplies special spensory to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
VII
What nerve supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
IX
What papillae do not take part in taste?
filiform papillae
hwat do the filiform papillae detect?
touch, temperature
What are the papillae with taste buds?
foliate; vallate; fungiform
What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
change the position of the tongue
What is the function fo the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
modify the shape of the tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
palatoglossus; styloglossus; genioglossus; hyoglossus
How does the he nerve descend in the neck?
lateral to the carotid sheath
At what level does hyoglossal nerve pass anteriorly towards the tongue?
hyoid bone
What would happen when the patient sticks their tongue out if there is unilateral CN XII damage?
the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve
How does the hypoglossal nerve get to the muscles of the tongue?
passes lateral to the loop of the lingual artery and lateral to hyoglossus
How do all nerves pass hyoglossus?
lateral
How do all arteries pass to hyoglossus?
medial
What type of epithelium lines the soft palate?
non-keratinised stratified squamous
WWhat type of epithelium lines the hard palate?
keratinised stratified squmous
What bones form the hard palate?
palatine processes of maxillae; palatine bones; lateral nad medial pteryhoid plates of sphenoid
What do the greater and lesser palatine foramina carry?
branches of CN V2 and branches of maxilalry artery
What is the purpose of the palatal rugae?
to assist with breaking down food
What foramen is foun at the front of the hard paalte?
incisive foramen
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
tensor veli palatini; levator veli palatini; musculus uvulae; palatoglossus; palatopharyngeus
What muscles does CN X of the soft palate?
levator veli palatini; musculus uvulae; palatopharyngeus; palatoglossus
What is the function of tensor veli palatini?
tenses the palatine aponeurosis
What nerve supplies tensor veli palatini?
V3
what is the function of palatopharyngeus?
lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage
What is the function of palatoglossus?
brings tongue and soft palate together
What is the function of musculus uvulae?
shortens uvula
What is the function of levator veli palatini?
lifts palatine aponeurosis
What happens if there is unilateral nerve pathology when the patient opens mouth and says Ahhhh?
uvula will be pulled away from the non-functioning sideby the normal side
What is the outer circular layer of the pharynx made of?
superior, middle and inferior constrictors
What is the function of the inner longitudinal layer?
pulls larynx superiorly shortening pharynx during swallowing
What nerve innervates the muscles of the phayrnx?
vagus
What muscle is not supplied by the vagus?
stylopharyngeus
What does the superiro constrictor attach to?
pterygoid hamulus; pterygomandibular raphe; mylohyoid line of mandible
What does the middle constrictor attach to?
greater horn of hyoid
What does the inferior constrictor attach to?
thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Where is the gateway to the mouth located?
between the superior and middle constrictor muscles
What passes through the gateway to the mouth?
CNIX; lingual artery and stylopharyngeus
What do all the constrictor mscles insert onto?
midline raphe
What does the midline raphe attach to superiorly?
pharyngeal tubercel of occipital bone
What does the midline raphe form superiorly?
pharyngo-basilar fascia
What nerve suppleis the circular muscles?
CN X via pharyngeal plexus
What nerve supplies stylopharyngeus?
CN IX
What does stylopharyngeus attach to?
styloid process
What are the 3 longitudinal muscles ?
stylopharyngeus; palatopharyngeus; salpingopharyngeus
What do the 3 longituidinal muscles all insert onto?
posterior border of thyroid cartilage
What is found either side of the laryngeal aditus?
piriform fossae
What is is the torus tubarius?
a fold of mucus superior to the opeining od the eustachian tube
What is the salpingopharyngeal fold
stretches from the lower part of torus tubarius- contains the salpingopharyngeal muscle
What makes up Waldeyer’s Ring?
pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil; tubal tonsil; palatine tonsil; lingual tonsil
What are the regional nodes for the tip of the tongue?
submental nodes
What does the jugulo-digastric node drain?
palatine tonsil
Where does all the lymph eventuall drain?
deep cervical nodes within the carotid sheath
