Anatomy Flashcards
Where is the root of the nose?
between the eyes
What is the length/rim of the nose called?
dorsum
What is the skin surrounding the nares called?
ala
What is the invaginated skin from the nose to the upper lip called?
philtrum
What is the bony projection out of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone called
crista galli
What is the crista galli attached to?
falx cerebri- dura
What is found surrounding the perpendicular plate?
superior and middle concha which are themselves surrounded by ethmoidal air cells
How does the ethmoid bone contribute to the nasal cavity?
forms parts of the root, lateral walls and septum
How does the ethmoid contribute to the orbits?
forms an orbital plate which forms the medial aspect of the orbit
Where are the conchae found in the nasal cavity?
lateral wall (i.e not the septum
What forms the septum?
vomer; perpendicular plate of ethmoid; septal cartilage
What type of skull fracture can disrupt the cribiform plate and therefore smell?
Le Fort II and III
What type of mucosa is found in the nasal vestibule?
stratified squamous epithelium- changes from keratinised to non-keratinised
What are the 2 types of mucosa foudn in the nasal cavity?
respiratory epitheliu madn olfactory epithelium
What does the olfactory epithelium line?
the superior concha
What is the olfactory pathway?
receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium; pass up through cribiform plate; synapse with olfactory blub; neurons pass along olfactory tract to temporal lobe and olfactory areas
Where do the olfactory bulbs lie?
beside the crista galli
What is the somatic sensory innervation of the septum?
opthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal
How do you divide up the areas of the septum supplied by the opthalmic and maxillary divisions?
draw a diagonal line from the sphenoidal sinus to the tip of the nose; above this line is ophthalmic and below is maxillary
What is the nerve of the ophthalmic division that supplies somatic sensory to the septum?
anterior ehtmoidal nerve
What is the nerve that is a branch of V2 that supplies the septum?
nasopalatine nerve
How does the nasopalatine nerve enter the septum?
through the sphenopalatine foramen
How does the anterior ehtmoidla nerve enter the septum?
through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
What are the 2 arteries that branch from the ECA that supply the face?
maxillary artery and facial artery
What is the path of the maxillary artery?
ascends until just below the zygomatic arch then goes deep into the face
What is the path of facial artery?
comes up just under the chin and splits into superior and inferior labial arteries which supply above and below the lips
What artery derived form the ICA supplies the face?
ophthalmic artery
What is the blood supply to the nasal septum?
anterior and posterio ethmoidal arteries; sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries; lateral and nasal septal branches
What are the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries branches of?
ophthalmic artery
What are the sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries branches of?
maxillary artery
What are the lateral nasal and septal arteries branches of?
facial artery (superior labial artery)
What is Kiesselbach’s (little’s) area?
site where anastamosis between all the arteries happens
Where is Little’s area located?
anteroinferiorly on nasal septum
What is foudn above the superior nasal concha?
sphenoethmoidal recess
What is found between the sup. and middle nasal conchae?
superior meatus
what is found between the middle and inferior nasal concha?
middle meatus
What is found beneath the inferior nasal concha?
inferior meatus
What is the sensory nerve supply of inferior nasal concha?
V2
What are the conchae often referred to?
turbinates
What can impact airflow through the nose?
engorgement of the nasal mucosa- changes side every 1-5 hours due to erectile tissue
What is the purpose of creating turbulent airflow through the nasal cavity?
increased opportunity for humidifying, warming and filtering
What are the paranasal sinsues?
open sapces within bone
What are the 4 bilateral pairs of paranasal sinuses?
frontal; ethmoidal air cells; maxillary; sphenoid
What type of epithelium lines the sinuses?
respiratory epithelium
What lies immediately superior to the sphenoidal sinsu?
pituitary glnad
Which of the paranasal sinuses is the largest?
maxillary
What sinus drains into the phenoehtmoidal recess?
sphenoid sinus
What drains into the superior meatus?
posteiror ethmoidal air cells
What are the 2 parts of the middle meatus?
semilunar hiatus and the ehtmoidal bulla
What drains into the semilunar hiatus?
frontal sinus; maxillary and anterior ethmoidal air cells
what drains into the ethmoidal bulla?
middle ethmoidal air cells
what drains into the inferior meatus?
nasalacrimal duct
why is the maxillary sinus predisposed to infection?
the ostium of maxillary sinus is located superior in realtion to its cavity so cilia must work against gravity
