EA01 - Introduction to Culture

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources

Question 2

Macro-cultures

Answer 2

the most powerful or the most widely practiced cultures in a particular society, whether the society is a region or an entire country.

Question 3

Micro-cultures

Answer 3

also called “subcultures.” They are described as a group of people living within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are different from the macro-culture or the rest of society.

Question 4

Holism

Answer 4

all the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated.

Question 5

Schema

Answer 5

a cognitive “shortcut” that helps us organize and interpret the vast amount of information that exists in our environment.

Question 6

Symbols

Answer 6

A culture’s values and beliefs are often manifested as symbols, which can be visible or invisible. Symbols can be words, objects, and stories that are meaningful to our culture.

Question 7

Worldview

Answer 7

The sum of beliefs and values that people use to define and interpret the world, and their place within it.

Question 8

Culture-general

Cross-Cultural Competence

Answer 8

The ability to quickly and accurately comprehend, and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language.

Question 9

Culture-specific

Cross-Cultural Competence

Answer 9

An approach that emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of the knowledge and/or skills necessary to interact more competently with individuals of other cultural backgrounds

Question 10

Ethnocentrism

Answer 10

The human tendency to negatively judge others (cultures,

behaviors, values) against our own values and beliefs.

Question 11

Relativism (as an attitude)

Answer 11

The conviction that the beliefs and practices of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are found.

Question 12

Relativism (as a behavior)

Answer 12

Temporarily suspending one’s own culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might interpret or value a situation.

Question 13

3 Cross-Cultural Competence Skills

Answer 13

1 Communicate
2 Negotiate
3 Relate

Question 14

Cultural perspective taking

Answer 14

a cognitive process by which an individual is able to

identify the thoughts and/or feelings of another culture.

Question 15

Stereotypes

Answer 15

a fixed or distorted generalization about all members of a particular group that share a particular diversity.

Question 16

Prejudice

Answer 16

the creation of an adverse or unreasonable opinion about a person or group without gathering all the facts and is usually based on deeply held beliefs.

Question 17

Discrimination

Answer 17

is the visible act or consideration to act in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person/thing belongs, rather than on individual merit.

Question 18

4 Components of the OODA Loop

Answer 18

1 Observe
2 Orient
3 Decide
4 Act

Question 19

Observe

Answer 19

The Observation step involves focused attention on your environment and gathering information through all five senses.

Question 20

Orient

Answer 20

We begin this step by first attempting to make sense of what we are observing by categorizing (organizing) the data in a practical way that is useful to us.

Question 21

Decide

Answer 21

In the Decide step, we consider all the courses of action developed and choose one to move forward with based on our options and understanding of the situation.

Question 22

Act

Answer 22

In this step, you review what you have decided to do, take action, and then reflect on how you executed your decision.

Question 23

Cross-cultural communication

Answer 23

defined as the “Knowledge, motivation, and skills to

interact effectively and appropriately with members of different cultures.”

Question 24

Linguistic competence

Answer 24

a speaker’s implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language.

Question 25

Communication competence

Answer 25

understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture.

Question 26

Impression Management

Answer 26

Deliberate and motivated self-presentation

Question 27

Projection

Answer 27

the image we want others to have of us

Question 28

Attribution

Answer 28

how others actually view us

Question 29

Emotion regulation

Answer 29

the ability to manage, modify, and use our emotions toward constructive outcomes.

Question 30

Self-monitoring

Answer 30

our ability to detect appropriateness of our social behaviors and self-presentation in response to situational constraints and to adjust our behaviors to fit the situation.

Question 31

perceptual acuity

Answer 31

the ability to perceive a communication situation accurately. It involves attentiveness to both verbal and nonverbal elements of a conversation and takes into consideration the importance of context.

Question 32

communication style

Answer 32

the way in which we communicate, a pattern of verbal and nonverbal behaviors that comprises our preferred ways of giving and receiving information in a specific situation. If the message content is the what, and the communicators are the who, then communication style is the how.

Question 33

Low-Context Communication (LCC) Patterns

Answer 33

SPEAKER is responsible for the communicating meaning of a message!

1. Individualistic values
2. Linear logic
3. Direct verbal style
4. Matter-of-fact tone
5. Informal verbal style
6. Function of communication is to convey information

Question 34

High-Context Communication (HCC) Patterns

Answer 34

LISTENER is responsible for appropriate interpretation of a message!

1. Collectivistic values (hierarchy and priority of the group)
2. Communication functions as a social lubricant
3. Indirect/allusive verbal style
4. Relationship is more important than the message