E1 Important Individuals in the History of Microbiology

Question 1

1. Drapery merchant who ground lenses as hobby. Up to 300x.
2. “Father of microscope”
3. First observation in 1674 - animalcules.
4. Destroyed his best microscopes

Answer 1

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 2

1. Opposed spontaneous generation.
2. Demonstrated maggots don’t generate from meat.
   Mid 1600’s, Italy

Answer 2

Francesco Redi

Question 3

1. Supported Spontaneous Generation
2. Asumed boiling killed everything.
3. Boiled broth; produced large amts of bacteria, concluded support for spontaneous theory
   1748, England

Answer 3

John Needham

John Need’ham more microbio training, methinks!

Question 4

1. Boiled broth longer time + sealed flask - no bacteria grew.
2. Critics thought he destroyed the “vegetative force” and messed up the air in there
   1765 Italian

Answer 4

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 5

1. Allowed heated air to enter broth filled flask through tube
2. Broth stayed sterile; critics claimed that “vegetative force” lost by heating air.
3. Cell Theory: contributed that animal tissues were composed of cells. (German 1839)

Answer 5

Theodor Schwann and Franz Schultze

Question 6

1. Used swan necked flask to demonstrate dust associated with microbes in air
2. would have shut down spontaneous generation, but occasionally had broth grown.
   French 1859

Answer 6

Louis Pasteur

Question 7

1. If dust removed from air, bacteria don’t grow
2. Developed method where intermittent boiling eliminates what we now know are endospores
3. Explain Pasteur’s inconsistent results. Helped end belief in spontaneous generation.
   England 1859

Answer 7

John Tyndall0

Question 8

1. lol ignore this.
2. Germ Theory of Disease (contradicted humoral theory that disease was caused by imbalance of internal fluids);
3. Contributed most to development of pure culture techniques
4. Was the first to offer proof microbes associated with disease (anthrax and TB)
5. Has his own Postulates to associate organism with particular disease.
   Germany 1870’s

Answer 8

Robert Koch

Question 9

1. Connected infection with mcirobes - Puerperal Fever
2. Failed to convince doctors to was their hands.
3. Savior of Mothers
4. Reduced fatalities from 10%-1% by washing hands
5. Ridiculed, insane asylum.
6. Pioneer of Asceptic Procedures
   1840’s

Answer 9

Phillipp Ignaz Semmelweis

Question 10

1. Discovered endospores (what Tyndall eliminated)

1876

Answer 10

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 11

WWI physcian
2. Not a good cleaner
3. Went on vay-cay grew plates, one had mold with halo of staph missing. ("Zone of inhibition ring)
4. Discovered penicilin
1929

Answer 11

Andrew Fleming

Question 12

1. Pioneer of Antiseptic surgery.
2. Washed hands, heated equipment, used phenol to sterilize instruments and clean wounds.
3. reduced infection but still damaged tissues.

Answer 12

Joseph Lister