12/2 Quiz Innate Host Defenses Flashcards
nonspecific barriers to microbial entry with which a person is born
Innate Immunity
Prevents Infection
1st Line of Defense
when normal flora compete with invading microbes
competitive exclusion
1st Line of Defense
skin mucous membranes flushing mechanisms -coughing and sneezing -urination -tears -cilia -peristalsis
Physical Barriers
1st Line of Defense
Skin
1st Line of Defense
Mucous Membranes
1st Line of Defense
Flushing Mechanisms
1st Line of Defense
coughing and sneezing
1st Line of Defense
urination
1st Line of Defense
tears
1st Line of Defense
cilia
1st Line of Defense
peristalsis
1st Line of Defense
1 - acids in stomach and female reproductive tract
2 - lysozyme found in tears and saliva - digests baterial cell walls
Chemical barriers
1st Line of Defense
A group of 20 blood proteins
Complement
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
Binds to microbe membranes
Chain reaction leading to insertion of pores in membranes of microbes
Complement
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
Stimulates the release of histamine
Leads to inflammation
Complement
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
Antiviral
Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
produced by fibroblast and white blood cells invaded by a virus
Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
Attaches to receptor sites on neighboring host cells
Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
Activates an enzyme whicih blocks the translation of viral m-RNA and an enzyme that degrades viral m-RNA
Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense
phagocytosis via nonspecific leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
general term for any white blood cell
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
Are the most common white blood cell
Neutrophils
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
effectively kill bacteria and other microbes
Neutrophils
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
are the largest blood borne phagocyte
Monocytes
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
Migrate INTO tissues and become macrophages and dendritic cells
Monocytes
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
APC
Antigen Presenting Cell
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
anything foreign to the body that initiates an immune response
Antigens
Distinctive amino acid sequences
AKA:
“exogenous” antigens
epitopes
Antigenic determinants
APC’s that
1) digest antigens into smaller antigenic determinants and “present” them to cells of the immune system
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
chemical produced by WBC’s that target other white blood cells and influence their behavior
Lymphokines
APC’s that bind to naive Tcd4 cells and secrete the lymphokine interleukin-1
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
a lymphokine that helps activate naive Tcd4 cells
Interleukin-1
A lymphokine that stimulates the brain to raise the body’s temperature via the hypothalamus
interleukin-1
Raising the temperature (initiated by THIS lymphokine) helps
- make the body more inhospitable to microbes
- enhances the activity of the immune cells (production of T cells increases 20 fold if 102.2 degrees)
- Increases microbial demand for iron
- Reduces host’s absorption of iron
interleukin-1 from Macrophages Leukocytes Biological Barriers 2nd Line of Defense
APC cell that
- Digests antigens into epitopes (antigenic determinants)
- Present epitopes to and activate both naive Tcd4 cells and naive Tcd8 cells
Dendritic cells (APC)
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
Absence of receptor sites on cell membranes
2nd Line of Defense
Inflammation
Inflammation
2nd Line of Defense
When tissues are injured, basophils and mast cells release chemicals such as histamines, kinins, and prostaglandins
Inflammation
2nd Line of Defense
Includes dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels
Inflammation
2nd Line of Defense
Redness, swelling, pain (edema), increased temperature
Inflammation
2nd Line of Defense
Localizes microbes and chemicals used for tissue repair
Inflammation
2nd Line of Defense