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Microbio > 12/2 Quiz Innate Host Defenses > Flashcards

12/2 Quiz Innate Host Defenses Flashcards

1
Q

nonspecific barriers to microbial entry with which a person is born

A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

Prevents Infection

A

1st Line of Defense

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3
Q

when normal flora compete with invading microbes

A

competitive exclusion

1st Line of Defense

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4
Q 
skin
mucous membranes
flushing mechanisms
-coughing and sneezing
-urination
-tears
-cilia
-peristalsis
A

Physical Barriers

1st Line of Defense

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5
Q

Skin

A

1st Line of Defense

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6
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

1st Line of Defense

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7
Q

Flushing Mechanisms

A

1st Line of Defense

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8
Q

coughing and sneezing

A

1st Line of Defense

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9
Q

urination

A

1st Line of Defense

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10
Q

tears

A

1st Line of Defense

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11
Q

cilia

A

1st Line of Defense

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12
Q

peristalsis

A

1st Line of Defense

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13
Q

1 - acids in stomach and female reproductive tract

2 - lysozyme found in tears and saliva - digests baterial cell walls

A

Chemical barriers

1st Line of Defense

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14
Q

A group of 20 blood proteins

A

Complement
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

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15
Q

Binds to microbe membranes

Chain reaction leading to insertion of pores in membranes of microbes

A

Complement
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

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16
Q

Stimulates the release of histamine

Leads to inflammation

A

Complement
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

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17
Q

Antiviral

A

Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

18
Q

produced by fibroblast and white blood cells invaded by a virus

A

Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

19
Q

Attaches to receptor sites on neighboring host cells

A

Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

20
Q

Activates an enzyme whicih blocks the translation of viral m-RNA and an enzyme that degrades viral m-RNA

A

Interferon
Chemical Defense
2nd Line of Defense

21
Q

phagocytosis via nonspecific leukocytes

A

Biological Barriers

2nd Line of Defense

22
Q

general term for any white blood cell

A

Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

23
Q

Are the most common white blood cell

A

Neutrophils
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

24
Q

effectively kill bacteria and other microbes

A

Neutrophils
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

25
Q

are the largest blood borne phagocyte

A

Monocytes
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

26
Q

Migrate INTO tissues and become macrophages and dendritic cells

A

Monocytes
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

27
Q

APC

A

Antigen Presenting Cell
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

28
Q

anything foreign to the body that initiates an immune response

29
Q

Distinctive amino acid sequences
AKA:
“exogenous” antigens
epitopes

A

Antigenic determinants

30
Q

APC’s that

1) digest antigens into smaller antigenic determinants and “present” them to cells of the immune system

A

Macrophages
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

31
Q

chemical produced by WBC’s that target other white blood cells and influence their behavior

A

Lymphokines

32
Q

APC’s that bind to naive Tcd4 cells and secrete the lymphokine interleukin-1

A

Macrophages
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

33
Q

a lymphokine that helps activate naive Tcd4 cells

A

Interleukin-1

34
Q

A lymphokine that stimulates the brain to raise the body’s temperature via the hypothalamus

A

interleukin-1

35
Q

Raising the temperature (initiated by THIS lymphokine) helps

  • make the body more inhospitable to microbes
  • enhances the activity of the immune cells (production of T cells increases 20 fold if 102.2 degrees)
  • Increases microbial demand for iron
  • Reduces host’s absorption of iron
A 
interleukin-1 from
Macrophages
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense
36
Q

APC cell that

  • Digests antigens into epitopes (antigenic determinants)
  • Present epitopes to and activate both naive Tcd4 cells and naive Tcd8 cells
A

Dendritic cells (APC)
Leukocytes
Biological Barriers
2nd Line of Defense

37
Q

Absence of receptor sites on cell membranes

A

2nd Line of Defense

38
Q

Inflammation

A

Inflammation

2nd Line of Defense

39
Q

When tissues are injured, basophils and mast cells release chemicals such as histamines, kinins, and prostaglandins

A

Inflammation

2nd Line of Defense

40
Q

Includes dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels

A

Inflammation

2nd Line of Defense

41
Q

Redness, swelling, pain (edema), increased temperature

A

Inflammation

2nd Line of Defense

42
Q

Localizes microbes and chemicals used for tissue repair

A

Inflammation

2nd Line of Defense

Microbio (14 decks)

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