E1 Antibiotics and Their Effects

Question 1

Penicillin

Answer 1

Mode of Action: cell wall
Spectrum: Narrow to G+ and syphyllis
Disadvantages: allergies

Question 2

Ampicillin (semi-synthetic, similar to Amoxicilin)

Answer 2

Mode of Action: cell wall
Spectrum: Broad G+/G-
Disadvantages: allergies; resistant strains of bacteria; hard to absorb –> less effective

Question 3

Bacitracin

Answer 3

Mode of Action: cell wall (blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan)
Spectrum: Narrow G+
Disadvantages: bad to ingest internally (neosporin)

Question 4

Methicilin

Answer 4

Mode of Action: cell wall
Spectrum: Narrow G+
Disadvantages: allergies (cilin)

Question 5

Cephalosporin

Answer 5

Mode of Action: cell wall inhibitor
Spectrum: Broad G+/G-
Disadvantages: Poor Absorption GI, must be injected

Question 6

Vancomycin

Answer 6

Mode of Action: cell wall
Spectrum: Narrow G+
Disadvantages: High toxicity index; hard to administer; only used topically; LAST RESORT

Question 7

Polymyxin

Answer 7

Mode of Action: cell membrane
Spectrum: Narrow G-
Disadvantages: not selective; only used topically; kidney/brain damage

Question 8

Amphotericin B

Think Athlete’s foot, jock itch…

Answer 8

Mode of Action: cell membrane (not selective)
Spectrum: Narrow to fungus
Disadvantages: Bad Internally

Question 9

Tetracycline

Answer 9

Mode of Action: Ribosomes (70s and 80s)
Spectrum: Broad G+/G-/Eukaryotic fungal
Disadvantages: 80s target, too, kids get permanent discolored teeth, slow growth, liver damage.

Question 10

Streptomycin

Answer 10

Mode of Action: 70s ribosomes
Spectrum: Broad G+/G-
Disadvantages:

Question 11

Erythromycin

Answer 11

Mode of Action: 70s ribosomes
Spectrum: Narrow G+
Disadvantages: GI upset

Question 12

Chloramphenicol

Answer 12

Mode of Action: 70s ribosomes
Spectrum: Broad G+/G-
Disadvantages: Aplastic Anemia (attacks RB marrow if taken long term)