(E1) 3 - Brain: Gross Topography (Part 2) Flashcards
Exam 1
What does the diencephalon give rise to?
Thalamic structures
What is the epithalamus/pineal gland important for?
Circadian rhythms, melatonin production
What is the thalamus important for?
Impacts most functional systems (motor and sensory - often a relay sensory)
What is the hypothalamus important for?
What does the mesencephalon give rise to?
Midbrain
Describe the location of the midbrain
Structures of the Midbrain
- Nuclei of CN III, IV, and V*
- Tectum
- Tegmentum
- Cerebral peduncles
What CN nuclei are found in the midbrain?
CN V sensory nuclei span midbrain, pons, and medulla
What is the superior colliculus involved in?
Vision
What is the inferior colliculus involved in?
Hearing
Where do the nuclei of the CN in the midbrain exit?
What is found in the Tectum?
Superior and Inferior Colliculus
What is the tegmentum?
Floor of the tectum
What are cerebral peduncles?
- Connection between spinal cord and cerebrum
- Large connection of motor tracts
What runs between the Tectum and the Tegmentum?
The Cerebral Aqueduct
Midbrain Image
What does the metencephalon give rise to?
Pons and Cerebellum
What are the classifications of the pons
Ventral - Basilar Pons
Dorsal - Pontine Tegmentum
Function of the Pons
What can happen when the pons is damaged?
Paralysis, communication issues, and double vision
What CN are in the pontomedullary junction?
VI, VII, and VIII
What CN is the pons associated with its exiting?
CN V sensory and motor root exit
What does the myelencephalon give rise to?
Medulla
Function of the Medulla
Nuclei associated with the medulla
- Nucleus Ambiguous
- Nucleus Solitarius
- CN XII
Describe Nucleus Ambiguous
Describe Nucleus Solitarius
What is CN XII function?
(Medulla)
Where can you find the Area postrema?
What is the function of Area postrema?
Location and Function: Hippocampus
Location and Function: Amygdala
Describe Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Specific Function of Basal Ganglia
Diseases associated with damage to Basal Ganglia
What is the basal ganglia?
Relay Center for efferent and afferent pathways (sensory & motor)
Describe Basal Ganglia Input and Output nuclei (include location)
What are the basal ganglia responsible for?
What is one of the main functions of the basal ganglia?
Fine-tune the voluntary movements (no shaking)
How does the basal ganglia receive and convey instructions?
What does the cerebellum arise from?
Metencephalon
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Cerebellum Transverse Plane - What is the anterior lobe responsible for?
Unconcious proprioception
Cerebellum Transverse Plane - What is the posterior lobe responsible for?
Fine motor, inhibit involuntary movement
Cerebellum Transverse Plane - What is the Flocculonodular lobe responsible for?
Cerebellum Saggital Plane - What is the vermis responsible for?
(NOT HEMPISHERES) - typo
Cerebellar Lesion Symptoms
