(E1) 1 - Nervous System Development

Question 1

What does the notochord originally detach from?

Answer 1

The Endoderm

Question 2

What functions as the primary inductor (signaling center) in the embryo?

Answer 2

The notochord

Question 3

The notochord signals the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form what?

Answer 3

The neural plate - the primordium of the CNS

Question 4

The notochord mostly degenerates as the vertebral bodies develop but persists as _____

Answer 4

intervertebral discs (specifically the nucleus pulposus)

Question 5

What gives rise to the CNS and retina?

Answer 5

Neuroectoderm

Question 6

The neural plate invaginates to form what?

Answer 6

Neural groove and adjacent neural folds

Question 7

The neural folds fuse to form what?

Answer 7

The neural tube

Question 8

What does the neural tube give rise to?

Answer 8

The brain vesicles and spinal cord

Question 9

As the neural folds approach each other they migrate away from the ectoderm to form?

Answer 9

The neural crest

Question 10

What differentiates into the epidermis?

Answer 10

Surface ectoderm

Question 11

What are the neural tube and nervous system derived from?

Answer 11

Neuroectoderm

Question 12

What does the neural crest give rise to?

Answer 12

Most structures of the PNS and ANS including ganglia of the nervous system, ARACHNOID MATER AND PIA MATER

Question 13

What is neurulation?

Answer 13

Process of the formation of the neural tube.

Question 14

As the neural folds fuse what do the cranial and caudal ends remain open as

Answer 14

Rostral neuropore and caudal neuropore

Question 15

When do the rostral and caudal neuropores close?

Answer 15

When a blood supply is established

Question 16

The cells of the neural tube form what?

Answer 16

Brain and spinal cord

Question 17

What does the neural canal form?

Answer 17

The ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 18

In what zone do the cells of the neural tube arise from?

Answer 18

Ventricular Zone

Question 19

In what zone do neurons develop and become gray matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 19

Intermediate Zone

Question 20

In what zone do axons grow into it and become the white matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Marginal Zone

Question 21

What is a sulcus limitans?

Answer 21

Longitudinal groove indicating separation between differentially clustered cells. (length of the spinal cord)

Question 22

Describe the Alar Plate.

Answer 22

• dorsal in position
• form dorsal gray columns (dorsal horns of gray matter)
• AFFerent function

Question 23

Describe the Basal Plate.

Answer 23

• ventral in position
• form ventral and lateral gray columns (ventral and lateral horns of gray matter)
• EFFerent function

Question 24

T or F: neural crest gives rise to ganglia sensory and autonomic

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What causes the alar and basal plates to assume a more latero-medial position in the brainstem?

Answer 25

Due to the development of the cerebellum and subsequent flaring of the fourth ventricle

Question 26

Where and what does the sulcus limitans persist as?

Answer 26

Persists in the brainstem as a landmark between alar and basal plates.

Question 27

Neurons in ganglia such as DRG and other sensory ganglia are mostly what kind - with few exceptions

Answer 27

Pseudounipolar

Question 28

Describe the movement of sensory info through neurons in the ganglia

Answer 28

- Initially bipolar and unite to a T shape Peripheral process =Then acts as a dendrite and conducts an impulse towards the cell body. Central process = Enters spinal cord and forms dorsal roots

Question 29

What are the 3 general types of neurons?

Answer 29

- Multipolar (most neurons - multiple dendrites, single axon) - Pseudounipolar (single bifurcating process, peripheral and central) - Bipolar (one process from each end)

Question 30

What is another name for forebrain?

Answer 30

Prosencephalon

Question 31

What is another name for midbrain?

Answer 31

Mesencephalon

Question 32

What is another name for hindbrain?

Answer 32

Rhombencephalon

Question 33

What does the brain initially develop from?

Answer 33

3 primary vesicles

Question 34

What are the 5 secondary vesicles?

Answer 34

- telencephalon - diencephalon - mesencephalon - metencephalon - myelencephalon

Question 35

What does the forebrain divide into?

Answer 35

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 36

What does the midbrian divide into?

Answer 36

It doesn't - remains Mesencephalon

Question 37

What does the hindbrain divide into?

Answer 37

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

Question 38

What is a cervical flexure?

Answer 38

bend/turn at spinal cord

Question 39

What is a midbrain flexure?

Answer 39

bend/turn at midbrain

Question 40

What are the two exceptions of sensory structures that aren't neural crest-derived?

Answer 40

Olfactory and Optic

Question 41

What are ventricles?

Answer 41

Expansion of the neural canal

Question 42

What does the telencephalon give rise to?

Answer 42

Cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles 1-2

Question 43

What does the diencephalon give rise to?

Answer 43

Thalami and third ventricle

Question 44

What does the mesencephalon give rise to?

Answer 44

Midbrain and Aqueduct

Question 45

What does the metencephalon give rise to?

Answer 45

Pons, Cerebellum and upper part of fourth ventricle

Question 46

What does the myelencephalon give rise to?

Answer 46

Medulla and lower part of fourth ventricle