(E1) 2 - Brain: Gross Topography (Part 1) Flashcards
Exam 1
Where is the mesencephalic flexure located?
Between the midbrain and hindbrain
Where is the pontine flexure located?
Between the metencephalon and myelencephalon
Where is the cervical flexure located?
Between the brain and the spinal cord.
What are the 3 components of the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
(in order top to bottom)
Where does the spinal cord begin and end?
Begins at the pyramidal decussation
Ends at L1/2 in adults
What landmark can be used for the beginning of the spinal cord?
Foramen Magnum
What is the dural sac and where does it end?
Encases the spinal cord and ends at S2
What are rootlets?
Come off the gray matter of the spinal cord and forms the roots (dorsal and ventral)
What are gyri?
Elevations on the surface of the brain.
What are sulci?
Depressions on the surface of the brain.
What are the 4 landmarks used to denote the lobes of the brain?
- Central sulcus
- Lateral sulcus/fissure
- Preoccipital sulcus (imaginary)
- Parieto-occipital sulcus (imaginary)
What are the borders of the frontal lobe?
- Frontal pole to the central sulcus
- Separated from the temporal lobe by lateral sulcus.
What are the 3 important contents of the frontal lobe?
- precentral gyrus
- superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus
- olfactory bulb and tract
Where is Broca’s area?
Inferior frontal gyrus
- normally in the dominant hemisphere which most of the time is left
Function of primary motor cortex - frontal lobe
initiation of voluntary movement
Function of premotor area - frontal lobe
Planned movement - prepares motor cortex
Function of Supplemental Area - frontal lobe
Complex Movement - prepares motor cortex
What is the role of Broca’s area?
Language output - production of meaningful language
- coordinates activities of muscles of respiration, larynx, pharynx, lips and tongue
Someone that has an injury to their Broca’s area is their comprehension intact?
Yes - Cannot speak though
What is the function of the prefrontal cortex? - frontal lobe
- cognitive behavior
- personality expression
- modification of social behavior
A person who received a Lobotomy, what was the targeted area?
Prefrontal Cortex - frontal lobe
What are the borders of the parietal lobe?
- Central Sulcus
- Preoccipital notch - parietoocciptal sulcus (imaginary)
- Lateral sulcus
Contents of the Parietal Lobe
Inferior Parietal Gyrus = combination of supramarginal & angular Gyri
- Wernicke’s area = Language INPUT, inferior parietal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus
What is the most important functional area in the parietal lobe?
Primary somatosensory cortex (sensory strip)
What area in the Parietal Lobe is responsible for comprehension of language?
Wernicke’s area
Describe someone that has an injury to their Wernicke’s area
- Issues with language input/auditory comprehension
- Speech ok (motor aspects)
Describe Parietal Lesions (Parietal Lobe)
- Neglect Syndrome
(posterior/inferior parietal lobe) - junction of parietal and temporal lobes
(refer to image - only see one side of everything)
Borders of the Occipital Lobe
Parietal and Temporal Lobes
Function of the Occipital Lobe
If someone damages their visual association cortex what might happen?
If damaged, can see object but don’t recognize it
Borders of the Temporal Lobe
Lateral sulcus and “imaginary line”
Temporal Lobe Contents
Auditory Cortex
Function of the Superior Gyri - Temporal Lobe
Wenicke’s area (language input)
Function of the Occipitotemporal Gyri (fusiform gyri) -Temporal Lobe
- Part of temporal and occipital lobe
- Visual association cortex
Describe the location and contents of the Primary Auditory Cortex - Temporal Lobe
- Within lateral fissure
- Includes superior temporal gyrus
Label 1-5
What is the Insular cortex?
What is the function of corpus callosum?
- Integrates motor, sensory, and cognitive activity between the right and left hemispheres
- Only found in placental mammals
- Largest white matter structure
