E and PH Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecological fallacy

A

Where the study looks at population (often geographical) averages, and not the individual level. So for example you may have a study showing that in county with higher, there is higher pulmonary fibrosis. But we don’t know that the people

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2
Q

ROC curve overview

A
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3
Q

Which study can detect on 1 outcome and which can detect only 1 exposure?

A

Case control and cohort resp

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4
Q

Good study for rare disease or disease with long latent period

A

Case control

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5
Q

Out of exposure and outcome, which is the dependent and independent variable

A

Exposure is the independent variable

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6
Q

What stats technique would we use to assess quantative exposure and a dichotomous outcome

A

Logistics regression

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7
Q

Larger sample sizes do what to T1 and T2 errors

A

Likely increase and decrease respectively

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8
Q

Intention to Tx vs per protocol vs as treated

A

ITT - it’s the shit, analyse based on inital allocation

Per protocol - particular about it, exclude anyone who deviates

As treated - ass, analyse based on what people end up doing

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9
Q

Discuss the importance of p values in ANOVA

A

statistically significant ANOVA
(ie, p-value is below the significance level, usually 0.05) indicates only that at least 1 group mean is different from the rest. Therefore, further evaluation is required to determine which group means differ. It is possible to use confidence intervals (CIs) to determine whether means of >2 groups are different.

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10
Q

Which way is proven to have highest impact on medication reconciliation

A

Interventions that target pharmacy personnel and high-risk patients in particular appear to have the most impact on the quality of patient care.

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11
Q

In a mean difference, what would statistical and clinical significance mean

A

The difference in means; would determine clinically significant, given that it’s relevant to what is in dicussion. The difference is statistically significant if (p = <0.05).

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12
Q

4 measurement bias

A

Observer bias. Attention bias (Hawthorn effect) Expectation bias. Verification or workup
bias.

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13
Q

RRR equation

A

RRR = ARR/risk in control

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