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Year 3 > Dyslipidaemias > Flashcards

Dyslipidaemias Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyslipidaemia?

A
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2
Q

How do you differentiate between different causes of dyslipidaemia?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
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3
Q

What are causes for primary dyslipidaemia?

A

Congenital /inherited abnormalities, e.g.

  • Falmilial hypercholesteraemia
  • Familial hypertriglyceridemia
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4
Q

What are secondary causes for Hyperlipidaemia?

A

Lifestyle/other conditions

  • poor diet + exercise
  • Obesity
  • Diabetis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Alcohol
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Cholestatic liver disease
  • Cushings
  • Medication (e.g. OCP, high-dose diuretic)
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5
Q

Why is a dyslipidamia relevant?

A

Significantly increases risk of Cardiovascular disease + atherosklerosis

  • expecial if High LDL/ Low HDL
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6
Q

What are possible signs of dys/hyperlipidaemia?

A
  • Skin:
    • Xanthoma: nodular lipid deposits in the skin and tendons (extremely high levels of TG /LDL)
  • Eye
    • Xanthelasma
    • Corneal arcus
    • Lipemia Retinalis (white retinal vessels on fundoscopy)
  • Severy hypertriglyceridaemia –> pancreatitis
  • Atherosclerosis and 2nd diseases
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7
Q

What are presenting symptoms of dys/hyperlipidaemia?

A

Normally asymptomatic until causing 2nd problems

e.g. Atherosclerosis

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8
Q

What are normal values for total cholesterol?

A

Desired <5 mmol/L

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9
Q

What are normal values for triglycerides ?

A

0.5–1.9mmol/L

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10
Q

What is the inheritance pattern for familiar hyperlipidaemia?

A

Autosomal -dominant

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11
Q

What would be the general treatment for hyperlipidaemia?

A
  1. Lifestyle
  2. Medication
  3. Special treatments: Lipid Apheresis
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12
Q

What is the first line medication treatment for treating hyperlipidaemia?

A

Statins

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13
Q

What is the MOA of Statins?

A

HMG-CoA reducatse inhibitors

(rate limiting step in cholesterole synthesis –> less cholesterole produced)

    • leading to increased expression of LDL receptors
  • leading to increase in HDL and decrease in LDL cholesterole
  • Small reduce in triglycerides
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14
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A
  • Headache
  • Sleep disturbance
  • GI
    • Fatulence
  • Myopathies + Myalgia(about 10%)
    • Check CK and stop treatment if raised
  • Possible raise in liver transaminasis
  • Hyperglycaemia
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15
Q

What are contra-indications for statin therapy?

A
  • Liver disease
  • Myopathies
  • Pregnancy/Plannes pregnancy
  • Medication that are metabolised by CYP3A4
    • Amiodaron
    • Macrolides (e.g. Erythro/Clarythromycin)
    • CCB
      • Verapamil/Amlodipin
  • VIt. K antagonists
    • increase INR
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16
Q

Name two commonly prescribed statins

A

atorvastatin

Simvastatin

17
Q

What are 2nd line lipid reducing drugs?

A
  • Fibrates
  • Ezetimib
    • PCSK9-Inhibitoren
  • Nicotinic acid
  • –> check last year pharmacology)

Year 3 (52 decks)

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