Bloods Flashcards
What are typical blood results for Dehydration?
Often
- high urea
- normal creatinine
What does high urea and high creatinine indicate?
AKI
- some sort of kidney injury (not dehydration)
What is a normal sodium range?
135 - 145
How would you approach a low sodium level?
Systemetically
- osmolality (if low= most liklely also true hyponatraemia)
- Assess Voulme status
- Hypervolaemia
- exess fluid dilluting
- Hypovolaemia
- peeing it out
- Euvolaemia
- Endocrine
- Hypervolaemia
What is a normal ABG ph be?
What is a normal range for CO2 in an ABG?
What is a normal range for Bicarb in an ABG?
What is part of a liver Function test?
Enzymes
- AST
- ALT
*
What is meant by Transaminases?
Enzymes that catalyze tranamination (should be in liver cells, not in blood)
Hepatocellular damage –> release
- High AST + ALt
- AST:ALT ratio
- AST>AST > 2 –> Alhoholic hepatitis
- ALT > AST –> viral Hepatitis
What is
High ALP and GGT
- ALP –> also produced by bone and placenta
- Both high: index for cholestasis
- Isolated high GGT –> alcohol
What is the earliest marker for liver disease?
High PT time
(also low albumin but more often high PT time)
What is the most likely cause for
What needs to be done in order to do a blood lipid profile?
Why?
Can only be taken after 12hrs of fasting
Because the Triglycerides will vary in patients after a meal (because of their function to carry lipids around the body after meal)
What are possible causes for hyper/ dyslipidemia in a young, not obese patient?
- familial hypercholesteraemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Renal impairment
- hepatic impariment
- Poorly contreolled diabetis
Can the Combined oral contraceptive pill be taken in women with lipid-modifying medication?
Yes, though you should consider stopping the COCP and switch to progesterone only contraception
