Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 > Cardiovascular Examination > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Which signs should you look for in Inspection in a Cardiovascular examination

A
  • Cyanosis
  • Malar Flush
  • Syndromic Features
  • Oedema
  • ECG stickers
  • Scars
  • Pallor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a malar flush?

What does it indicate?

A

Indicator for Mitral Stenosis due to Co2 retentionn –> Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name genetic syndromes that might cause cardiovascular problems

A
  • Turners syndrome
  • Downs syndrome
  • Marfans syndrome
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are possible cardiac causes for clubbing?

A
  1. Infective endocarditis
  2. Congenital cyanotic heart disease
    1. Shunting
  3. Atrial myxoma (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Xanthoma?

A

Lipid depositions due to hypercholesteraemia

(e.g. tendon of handy, eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a splinter Haemorrhage?

A
  • Hämmorhage in nail
  • Either due to
    • Immune complex deposition
    • or Microthrombosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which conditions can cause splinter Haemorrhages?

A

Sign of

  • Infective endocarditis
  • ​Vasculitis
  • SLE
  • RA
  • Psoriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Janeway lesion?

A

non-tender, haemorrhagic lesions that occur on the thenar and hypothenar eminences of the palms (and soles). Janeway lesions are typically associated with infective endocarditis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are oslers nodes?

A

red-purple, slightly raised, tender lumps, often with a pale centre, typically found on the fingers or toes

  • associated w. infective endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Quinquies sign?

A

pulsation of nail bed à association aortic incompetence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are possible causes for radiao-radial delay?

A
  • Subclavian artery stenosis (e.g. compression by a cervical rib)
  • Aortic dissection
  • Aortic coarctation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which underlying condition might cause a slow-rising pulse?

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which condition might cause a throbbing pulse?

A

C02 retention/ aortic regurgitation (Aortenklappe nicht dicht)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are possible causes for a narrow pulse pressure

A

Narrow pulse pressure = <25mmHg

  • aortic stenosis
  • congestive heart failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are possible causes for a wide pulse pressure?

A

Aortic regurgitation

aortic dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are possible reasons for a big difference in blood pressure between two arms?

A
  • Atherosklerosis
  • Aortic dissection
17
Q

What are possible reasons for a collapsing pulse?

A
  • Normal physiological states (e.g. fever, pregnancy)
  • Cardiac lesions (e.g. aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus)
  • High output states (e.g. anaemia, arteriovenous fistula, thyrotoxicosis)
18
Q

What is the association between anaemia and MI

A

Anaemia is associated with an increased MI risk

19
Q

How do you call lipid deposits around the eye?

A

Xanthelasma

    • Corneal arcus around iris)
20
Q

What are possible sign for infective endocarditis?

A
  • poor dentition
  • clubbing
  • oslers nodes
  • Janeway lesions
  • splinter haemorrhage
21
Q

What is Angular stomatitis?

What is it associated wiht?

A

Also called Angular Cheileitis

  • infectionn around angles of mouth
  • Seen in:
    • immunocompromised
    • Poor nutrition: coeliac disease, iron deficiency, riboflavin deficiency
    • Systemic illness, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease)
    • Sensitive skin, especially atopic dermatitis
    • Genetic predisposition, for example in Down syndrome
    • Oral retinoid medication: isotretinoin for acne, acitretin for psoriasis.
22
Q

Why should you ausculatate the carotids before palpation?

A

To rule out presence of bruits

  • The presence of a bruit suggests underlying carotid stenosis, making palpation of the vessel potentially dangerous due to the risk of dislodging a carotid plaque and causing an ischaemic stroke.
23
Q

What are possible reasons for a raised JVP?

A
  • PQRST
  • Pulmonary HTN, PE, Pericarditis, Pericardial effusion
  • Quantity of fluid (overload)
  • Right heart failure
  • Superior vena cava obstruction
  • Tamponade (fluid in pericardium)
24
Q

How do you measure the JVP?

A

It is a double /triple wave w. each heart beat

  • press into right upper quadrant
  • identify highest point of pulsation
  • Using a horizontal line from this point, measure vertically from the sternal angle. The sternal angle is about 5 cm above the right atrium
  • Normal = <4cm
25
Q

What are possible reasons for displacemnet of the Apex beat?

A

Ventricular hypertrophy

26
Q

How do you palpate for heaves?

What do they indicate?

A

Place heel of hand parallel to the left sternal edge (fingers vertical) to palpate for heaves

  • if present: heel of and lifted with each cycle
  • indication for right ventricular hypertrophy.
27
Q

How do you palpate for thrills?

What do they indicate?

A

Palpable murmor

  • each heart valve
  • lie fingers flat on chest

Year 3 (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions