Durkheim

Question 1

Durkheim bio

Answer 1

died 1917
jewish
aware of ppeople like you and how different he is from christians

Question 2

what does dukheim argue about sociology

Answer 2

subjective science

Question 3

WHAT ARE MAJOR THEMES OF DURKEHIMS WORK

Answer 3

Social solidarity
pople are reactors
no substantive history

Question 4

explain dukheim social solidarity

Answer 4

like comte, he says social solidarity is the source of the moral
morality = social solidarity
role is to fill a role

Question 5

explain people as reactors

Answer 5

no nominalism

knows we think and make choices but says it has nothing to do with sociology

Question 6

explain substantive history and durkheim

Answer 6

rule out the relevance of history
weber wouldn't
you can't observe history (he's a scientist)
the past is a matter of opinion
sociology is neutral

Question 7

Explain durkheims relationship to marx

Answer 7

disagree on 3/4 fundamental things

1. social class
2. alienation

Question 8

explain durkheim vs. marx social class

Answer 8

for marx social class is socially created, maintained and can be socially removed if we have a communist revolution
durkheim says social clas and hierarchy are natural and necessary
we must assume some people have different competencies

Question 9

explain alientation durkheim vs. marx

Answer 9

marx says alienation is a social and cognitive condition
in this conception there is nomalism (thinking)
durkheim is anti nominalism
talks about anomie = normlessness

Question 10

what is anomie

Answer 10

normlessness, conflict among norms

Question 11

what is durkheims unity of analysis

Answer 11

studying social facts

Question 12

private property durkeim vs. marx

Answer 12

marx against private property

durkheim says normal and natural

Question 13

2 tpes o f solidarity

Answer 13

mechanical and organic

as labour becomes more dividied we become more efficient

Question 14

explain mechanical solidarity

Answer 14

we know we are similar because we have the same things

strong collecrive identity and conscience

Question 15

explain collective conscience

Answer 15

becoming weaker
we are now together not because we sense a similarity but because we need eachoteher to survive
increasing DOL = individuality

Question 16

Explain relationship between integration and solidarity

Answer 16

chart on 51

Question 17

what is durkheims methodology

Answer 17

unity of analysis = social facts

Question 18

what is a social fact

Answer 18

ways of acting, thinking, & feeling that are external to people & have
the power of constraint over people. The test of the existence of a social fact is that it will exert itself
when it is transgressed. Social facts can be normal or pathological (abnormal).
 Do something so habitually that we don’t think about them

Question 19

what is sui genesis

Answer 19

society can’t be reduced to the individual— social facts can only be explained in relation
to other social facts

Question 20

what are the two methods durkheim uses to study social facts

Answer 20

indirect experiment, functional analysis

Question 21

explain indirect experiment

Answer 21

correlational analysis— trying to understand
what’s going on with one social fact by correlating it with what’s going on with another social fact (social
facts as variables, not static things) —–Integration suddenly increases= altruistic suicide sudden
decrease in integration=egoistic suicide (also fatalistic and anomic suicide, look up for final)

Question 22

explain functional analysis

Answer 22

how these correlated systems contribute to or subtract from social solidarity
 normal social facts: normal depends what object it is/context
 abnormal: not quite at organic solidarity

Question 23

what are the tupes of DOL

Answer 23

anomic, forced, organic

Question 24

what is durkheims solution to anomie

Answer 24

to rebuild norms— Durkheim is worried about the overall integrity of knowledge
 labor problems between workers and owners— they should do their best to understand each other, they
are both doing important things/functions for the maintenance for the social whole

Question 25

Durkheim and inheritence

Answer 25

he wants a
proper social class system is one in which the social inequalities that exist correctly correspond with the
distribution of natural abilities in the population (high IQ=brain surgeon low IQ=garbage man)— current
system is a waste of resources & people are mad (get BA, law school but still can’t get a job or don’t
have the $ to go to university)
 he says we need to have fair contracts & get rid of inheritance
 he is assuming that people by nature are lazy but those who are lazy and smart need to be motivated
(paid more)
 as for inheritance, kids don’t get left over money it would go to the state—then everyone has the same
opportunity

Question 26

what is an abnormal social fact?

Answer 26

What do we have to know if the social fact is abnormal?
- What is normal?
- We have to compare one thing to other similar structures
- Normal is a word for consistency across many instances
- If he had done the cross cultural comparsion he would have found the forced division of labour the
same to be everywhere
- He should be thinking about the impact of capitalism if he found this information
- Wanted to protect social ORDER
- The only way he could have done it would to have been to lie to himself
- If he saw this as normal he would have found problems in capitalism
- The only way to have equal opp. Is to get rid of social class