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SOC 2240 > beginning of sociology > Flashcards

beginning of sociology Flashcards

1
Q

who were the main people in france

A

clergy - 100,00 in france
- form culture and society, voice of god, catholic

nobility - 400,000 - prestigious, provide military support

bourgeoisie - 1,000,000 - merchant class

peasants - 21.5 million
- poor hungory working for bourgeoisie

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2
Q

5 characteeristics of enlightenment

A
  • in period of restoration (1815-1848)
  1. reason and rationality distinguishes our species from others
  2. social institutions should respond to needs of humans not viceversa
  3. constant questioning of tradition
  4. embracing science as rationality
  5. potential for rationality and reason is universal
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3
Q

what is deism?

A

spawned by enlightenemnt

  • concerned with how chhurch doguma was inhibiting our ability to be reasonable/ rational
  • wanted to construct religion in line with beliefs
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4
Q

explain montesquieu

A

(17th 18th century scholar)

  • french nobleman and academic
  • wanted to create logical scientific understanding of society
  • wrote persian letters - about persian merchant travelling through Europe
  • wrote spirit of laws
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5
Q

explain spirit of laws

A
  • first systematic attempt to formalize logic of forming human societties
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6
Q

explain spirit

A

2 things

  1. nature of government - # of ppl in charge and how they exercise power
    - power exists in all societie
  2. principle of government - the sentiment/ emotion the population must have in order for the nature to function
    - ppl must legitimize power
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7
Q

explain montesquies organization of societyq

A

size of territory and population density = non social factors
nature of government and principle = laws as commands
- causal factors determine laws as compands

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8
Q

what are the social types

A

republic -
democracy
monarcy
despotism

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9
Q

what are the principles of government

A

mutual respect honor fear

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10
Q

explain nature of government

A

shared among
all persons
1 person but tradition/ laws influence
1 person

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11
Q

explain non-social factors

A

small
medium
large

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12
Q

explain universalistic laws as commands

A

republic - only greece, own slaves (either they are wrong or theory is, so there are universalistic laws as commands

  • 3rd category of law
  • if greeks developed rationality their wouldn’t be slaves
    thus 2 causes of laws as commands
    -non social causal factors
    2. agency - human will, variable of reason
  • all humans can be reasonable
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13
Q

montesquieu and morality

A

morality is a legitimate social variable

  • isn’t conformatity to good norms
  • only exists when dillema is sensed
  • greeks didn’t sense dillema, slaves aren’t ppl
  • morality exists when humans sense dillem, then we are actors
  • atomist enlightenment thinker
  • degrees of freedom - ppl are free to make correct and incorrect choices
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14
Q

Explain rousseau

A

interested in understanding what a good society is

  • can’t have good society without knowing what the human being is
  • in
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15
Q

explain rousseau human nature

A

in state of nature there would be several conditions

  1. perfect balance between our needs and the resources available to satisfy them
    - satisf hunger
    - need to rest, exist comfortably
    - need to mate
  2. no knowledge or language - oral tradition
  3. population density extremely low

thus human nature is indifference - reason comes from social world

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16
Q

rousseau and the development of society

A
  1. human beings began to associate for increase in population and need to cooperate to produce things
  2. families emerge and 3 things form
    - language
    - knowledge
    - necessary temporary inequality (parent child)
  3. we become agricultural
    - repreoduce crops
    -families tied to location
    - we make fundamental species mistake
    = we begin inheritence after limited resources
    -creates private property and artifiial scarcity
    - public property creates social solidarity

SOC 2240 (9 decks)

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