During learning Flashcards

1
Q

is the most complex organ in our body, and it contains 100 billion nerve cells or neurons.
When we learn or practice something, the neurons in our brain connect with other neurons until
they grow dendrites and create pathway/s.

A

brain

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2
Q

process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.

A

Neurons

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3
Q

are the small gaps between neurons. They allow information to pass from one neuron to
the next.

A

Synapses

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4
Q

connect relatively distant areas of the brain or nervous system, each pathway is
associated with a particular action or behavior. Every time we think, feel or do something, we
strengthen this pathway. Habits are well travelled pathways-our brain finds these things easy to
do.

A

Neural pathways

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5
Q

New thoughts and skills carve out new pathways. Repetition and practice strengthen these pathways forming new habits. Old pathways get used less and weaken.

A

Neuroplasticity

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6
Q

Simply defined is thinking about your thinking or the “process of considering and regulating
one’s own learning”

A

Metacognition

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7
Q

This involves conscious control over your thoughts. This means being aware of how you think
and learn and being conscious of yourself as a thinker and a learner.

A

Metacognition

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8
Q

To take charge of our learning, we need to be honest with ourselves to understand ourselves better.
Reflecting on what we know, what we do not know, what we want to know, and how to know what
to know are essential in

A

Metacognition

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9
Q

“Includes the cognitive, metacognitive, behavioral, motivational, and emotional/affective
aspects of learning”

A

Self-regulating Learning (SLR)

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10
Q

it is not a mental ability or an
academic performance skill; rather it is self-directive process by which learners transform their
mental abilities into academic skills.

A

Self-regulating Learning (SLR)

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11
Q

People with a strong sense of efficacy-that is, the ability to bring the desired result-may well try
beyond what they think they are capable of.

A

Bandura’s Self Efficacy Theory

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12
Q

is the belief that in one’s own ability to successfully accomplish something

A

Sel-efficacy

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13
Q

will not look at the problem and tell themselves, I won’t do it because it’s
not easy but will rather tell themselves, this is challenging that I can overcome.

A

Self-efficacious people

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14
Q

is an important aspect in the achievement of success.

A

Self-confidence

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15
Q

what are four (4) factors that
influence one’s self confidence or self-efficacy

A
  1. Mastery experience
  2. Vicarious experience
  3. Verbal Persuasion
  4. Somatic and Emotional States
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16
Q

is the mental attitude one takes that determines how one will respond and understand
the situation.

A

Mindset

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17
Q

who quoted this “It’s all in the mindset”.

A

Dweck

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18
Q

happens when we do something and we become successful. Encouraged, we do it again and again until we have mastered it. this is the most effective way of boosting one’s self efficacy because they will
try to do something new if it is task that is similar to what they have already mastered. Part of achieving success in reaching our goals is to have self-efficacy through mastering
skills needed to achieve goal.

A

Mastery experience

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19
Q

This is the observation of the success and failures of others through modeling, who are
similar to one’s self.

A

Vicarious experience

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20
Q

The more people verbally encourage one, then the more likely the person’s efficacy will
increase. When one feels that others do believe in what he is capable of doing, then that
person can actually persuade himself that he can do it

A

Verbal Persuasion

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21
Q

When someone is contemplating on doing something, the emotional state of the person
will also have an influence in the success or failure of the task. When a person is anxious, stressed, worried and sacred, then this will negatively impact
the achievement of one’s goal. A person may feel so overly nervous that the performance will be affected and the person’s
doubt might increase. Once emotional stress is removed, then self-efficacy is improved

A

Somatic and Emotional States

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22
Q

this can be measured using IQ test

A

Fixed mindset

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23
Q

the intellectual never changes no matter what we do, how much effort or hard work we put into
it. It remains static.

A

Fixed mindset

24
Q

where the success and failure of a task dependent on the kind of mindset one has.
Developed through learning.

A

Growth mindset

25
Q

His premise is that man’s ultimate goal is happiness.

A

Locke or Locke’s Goal Setting Theory

26
Q

views them as similar to values except goal is the specific form of values. They are values
applied to specific circumstances. One’s achievement of vales factors in the
achievement of goals.

A

Locke

27
Q

Take note also that a person pursues multiple values and within that multiple values would also be
plenty of layers of goals. Thus, long range and short range goals should be specified in order to
manage one’s life successfully.

A

Locke’s Goal Setting Theory

28
Q

Goal Setting Theory parts

A

Clarity, Difficulty, Commitment, Feedback, and Task Complexity

29
Q

The goal has to be specific and not abstract. Saying, “do your best”, is not enough because
it is a relative option and does not really tell the doer if he is doing well or not.

A

Clarity

30
Q

The more difficult the goal, the greater is the chance of achieving it because people
tend to work harder. It’s important though not to set an unattainable goal otherwise, the tendency
is not to make an effort.

A

Difficulty

31
Q

These goal settings are largely dependent on the level of commitment the person
has towards the achievement of the goal. For one to be committed, two things are necessary:
belief that the goal is important and the belief that one can do it.

A

Commitment-

32
Q

This is also necessary as this gives them accountability and they would know if they
have to change their pace or way of doing or to continue with how they are doing things. Take note
however, that feedback only works when the goal or task is specific.

A

Feedback

33
Q

A complex task brings out the knowledge of the person. Together with a well
laid out plan, skills and knowledge, they are the means of achieving the goals

A

Task Complexity

34
Q

is “driven by the beliefs, biases, and prejudices of the
unconscious mind,” merely speaking or acting without much thought and is more concerned
about the now which may be regretted after.

A

reaction

35
Q

is “based on information from both the conscious mind and
unconscious mind…[taking] into consideration the well-being of not only but those around
you” and its long-term effects.

A

response

36
Q

Is the experience of a perceived threat (real or imagined) to one’s mental, physical, or spiritual
well-being resulting from a series of physiological responses and adaptations.
However, stress may not be negative all the time.

A

Stress

37
Q

Good stress. Any stressors that
motivates an
individual toward an
optional level of
performance or
health.

A

Eustress

38
Q

Any kind of
information or sensory
stimulus that is
perceived as
unimportant or
inconsequential. Neither positive nor
positive nor negative.

A

neustress

39
Q

Unfavorable or
negative
interpretation of an
event (real or
unimagined) to be
threatening that
promotes continued
feeling of fear or
anger. More commonly
known simply as
stress (p.3)

A

distress

40
Q

The process of perceiving and interpreting a stimulus (thing, change, event, people) is known as

A

cognitive appraisal

41
Q

is dependent on our beliefs, culture, desires,
expectations, values, etc.

A

cognitive appraisal

42
Q

Two steps in Cognitive Appraisal

A

Primary appraisal is the initial evaluation of a stimulus and categorizing is either positive, negative, neutral
(Weiten, 2014.)
Secondary appraisal is the evaluation for our “perceived ability to cope with the situation, that is, the
resources you have to deal with it (Passer and Smith, 2007)”.

43
Q

are the sources or stimuli for stress. They are situations or events that challenge or threaten an
individual.

A

Stressors

44
Q

Three general types of stressors

A
  1. Cataclysmic events
  2. Personal stress
  3. Background stressors
45
Q

Strong stressors
* Occur suddenly
* May affect many people simultaneously
* Disasters such us tornadoes, plane crashes
* Natural or man-made calamity

A
  1. Cataclysmic events
46
Q
  • Major life events
  • Death of a family member, loss one’s job, major personal failure
  • Even something positive like getting married
A
  1. Personal stress
47
Q
  • Daily hassles
  • Minor imitations in life
  • Getting stuck in a traffic jam
  • Long term chronic problem
A
  1. Background stressors
48
Q

Level of Response to Stress

A
  1. Emotional
  2. Psychological
  3. Behavioral
49
Q

Annoyance, anger, anxiety, fear, dejection, grief, guilt, shame, envy, disgust.
* Powerful, largely uncontrollable feelings, accompanied by physiological changes (Weiten, p53)

A
  1. Emotional
50
Q
  • Hormonal fluctuations, neurochemical changes
  • Anxiety, memory loss, brain fog, worry, sleep disorder, mild or serious illness.
  • Fight-or-flight response- a physiological reaction to threat that mobilizes an organism for
    attacking/fight or fleeing/fight an enemy (Weiten et al., 2014, p.54)
A
  1. Psychological
51
Q
  • Lashing out at others
  • Blaming oneself
  • Seeking help
  • Solving problems
A
  1. Behavioral
52
Q

According to Selye the way our body responds to stress is called the

A

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

53
Q

THREE STAGES of stress

A

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

54
Q
  • Trigger stress hormones
  • Heart rate, blood pressure, even sugar level increase
  • Flight or fight response
A

Alarm

55
Q
  • Body tries to counteract the alarm stage
  • Body tries to normalize
  • Struggling to concentrate and may be irritable
A

Resistance

56
Q
  • Body is tired of fighting stress
  • Tiredness, depression, anxiety, feeling unable to cope.
A

Exhaustion