DSM Diagnoses Flashcards
1
Q
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
A
Definition: Persistent low mood or loss of interest/pleasure in most activities, accompanied by other cognitive or physical symptoms.
2
Q
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)- Duration
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At least 2 weeks.
3
Q
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - Differential
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Distinguished from grief, Bipolar II (no hypomania), Persistent Depressive Disorder (longer duration).
4
Q
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
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Definition: Chronic, low-grade depression with fewer symptoms than MDD.
5
Q
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)- Duration
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Duration: At least 2 years (1 year for children/adolescents).
6
Q
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - Diff
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Distinguished from MDD by duration and severity; MDD is more intense and episodic.
7
Q
Bipolar I Disorder
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At least one manic episode, may include depressive episodes.
8
Q
Bipolar I Disorder - Duration
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Mania lasts at least 1 week or requires hospitalization
9
Q
Bipolar I Disorder - Differential
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Distinguished from Bipolar II (which has hypomania, not full mania), schizophrenia (no cycling mood episodes).
10
Q
Bipolar II Disorder
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At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode; no history of manic episodes
11
Q
Bipolar II Disorder - Duration
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Hypomania lasts at least 4 consecutive days.
12
Q
Bipolar II Disorder - Differential
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Distinguished from Bipolar I (no full mania), MDD (no hypomania).
13
Q
Cyclothymic Disorder
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Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbances involving hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don’t meet full criteria.
14
Q
Cyclothymic Disorder - Duration
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At least 2 years (1 year for children/adolescents).
15
Q
Cyclothymic Disorder - Differential
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Distinguished from Bipolar I/II (never meets full criteria for mania/hypomania or MDD).
16
Q
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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Excessive, uncontrollable worry about various life domains
17
Q
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Duration
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At least 6 months.
18
Q
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)- Differential
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Distinguished from panic disorder (episodic), OCD (obsessions/compulsions), PTSD (trauma-related).
19
Q
Panic Disorder
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Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with concern about future attacks or behavioral changes.
20
Q
Panic Disorder - Duration
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1 month or more of worry/behavior change following attack(s).
21
Q
Panic Disorder - Differential
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Distinguished from specific phobia (triggered panic), agoraphobia (fear of situations), GAD (chronic worry).
22
Q
Social Anxiety Disorder
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Intense fear of social situations where one might be judged or embarrassed.
23
Q
Social Anxiety Disorder - Duration
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At least 6 months
24
Q
Social Anxiety Disorder - Differential
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Distinguished from panic disorder (not limited to social triggers), avoidant personality disorder (more pervasive).
25
Specific Phobia
Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
26
Specific Phobia - Duration
At least 6 months.
27
Specific Phobia - Differential
Distinguished from social anxiety disorder (social situations), PTSD (trauma response).
28
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Presence of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors).
29
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Duration
No minimum duration, but must be time-consuming/distressing.
30
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Differential
Distinguished from GAD (worry without rituals), OCPD (personality traits vs. intrusive distressing thoughts).
31
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Persistent mental and emotional stress as a result of experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event
32
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Duration
Symptoms must last more than 1 month.
33
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Differential
Distinguished from acute stress disorder (less than 1 month), GAD (not trauma-related).
34
Acute Stress Disorder
Immediate stress response following a trauma with similar symptoms to PTSD.
35
Acute Stress Disorder - Duration
Symptoms occur within 3 days to 1 month after trauma.
36
Acute Stress Disorder - Differential
Symptoms occur within 3 days to 1 month after trauma.
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37
Adjustment Disorder
Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor.
38
Adjustment Disorder - Duration
Symptoms begin within 3 months of stressor, and last no longer than 6 months after it ends.
39
Adjustment Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from MDD/PTSD (less severe, tied to a clear stressor).
40
Borderline Personality Disorder
Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions, with impulsivity and fear of abandonment
41
Borderline Personality Disorder - Duration
Chronic, begins by early adulthood.
42
Borderline Personality Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Bipolar II (mood shifts are rapid and relationally triggered in BPD).
43
Schizophrenia
A chronic mental disorder with delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms.
44
Schizophrenia - Duration
Continuous signs for at least 6 months, with 1 month of active-phase symptoms.
45
Schizophrenia - differential
Distinguished from schizoaffective (mood symptoms present for substantial time), bipolar with psychosis (mood-congruent psychosis).
46
Schizoaffective Disorder
Features of both schizophrenia and mood disorder (manic or depressive episodes)
47
Schizoaffective Disorder - Duration
Delusions or hallucinations occur for at least 2 weeks without mood symptoms
48
Schizoaffective Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from schizophrenia (no mood episodes) and mood disorders with psychotic features (psychosis only during mood episodes).
49
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior).
50
Brief Psychotic Disorder - Duration
At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with full return to functioning.
51
Brief Psychotic Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from schizophrenia (longer duration), substance-induced psychosis (must rule out substances).
52
Delusional Disorder
Persistent delusions without other major psychotic symptoms.
53
Delusional Disorder - Duration
At least 1 month
54
Delusional Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from schizophrenia (doesn’t have disorganized speech or negative symptoms), paranoid personality disorder (less fixed beliefs).
55
Anorexia Nervosa
Restriction of food intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image.
56
Anorexia Nervosa - Duration
No specific timeframe, but symptoms must be ongoing and clinically significant.
57
Anorexia Nervosa - Differential
Distinguished from Bulimia (no binge/purge or at significantly low weight), body dysmorphic disorder (no weight focus).
58
Bulimia Nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating with inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting, fasting)
59
Bulimia Nervosa - Duration
At least once a week for 3 months.
60
Bulimia Nervosa - Differential
Distinguished from anorexia (weight is usually normal or above), binge-eating disorder (no compensatory behavior).
61
Binge-Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors.
62
Binge-Eating Disorder
At least once a week for 3 months
63
Binge-Eating Disorder
Distinguished from bulimia (no purging), anorexia (no restriction or underweight).
64
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning.
65
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Duration
At least 6 months; onset before age 12.
66
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Differential
Distinguished from anxiety (no hyperactivity), oppositional defiant disorder (intentional defiance), learning disorders (task-specific).
67
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Deficits in social communication and interaction, plus restricted/repetitive behaviors or interests
68
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Duration
Symptoms present in early developmental period.
69
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Differential
Distinguished from social anxiety (not just shyness), intellectual disability (broader delays), language disorder (without restricted behavior).
70
Intellectual Disability
Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning across multiple environments.
71
Intellectual Disability - Duration
Onset during developmental period.
72
Intellectual Disability - Differential
Distinguished from specific learning disorder (more global impairments), ASD (social communication + restricted interests).
73
Specific Learning Disorder
Difficulty learning and using academic skills in reading, writing, or math.
74
Specific Learning Disorder - Duration
At least 6 months, despite intervention
75
Specific Learning Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from intellectual disability (more general), ADHD (attention problems across tasks).
76
Substance Use Disorder
A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
77
Substance Use Disorder - Duration
At least 12 months.
78
Substance Use Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from substance-induced disorders (symptoms due to substance), rule out primary mental disorders.
79
Gambling Disorder
Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to impairment or distress.
80
Gambling Disorder - Duration
12-month period.
81
Gambling Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from mania (gambling only during episodes), substance use (no gambling behavior).
82
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness toward authority figures
83
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) - Duration
At least 6 months.
84
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) - Differential
Distinguished from Conduct Disorder (no aggression or violation of rights), ADHD (impulsivity without defiance).
85
Conduct Disorder
Repetitive and persistent pattern of violating the rights of others or major societal norms (e.g., aggression, theft, property destruction0
86
Conduct Disorder - Duration
At least 12 months, with 1 symptom in past 6 months.
87
Conduct Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from ODD (more severe, includes aggression/criminality), Antisocial Personality Disorder (must be 18+).
88
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Repeated episodes of impulsive, aggressive outbursts grossly out of proportion to the situation.
89
Intermittent Explosive Disorder - Duration
verbal/physical outbursts twice weekly for 3 months, or 3 serious outbursts within 12 months.
90
Intermittent Explosive Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Conduct Disorder (planned aggression), Bipolar Disorder (agitation part of mood episode).
91
Pyromania
Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion, with tension before and relief after.
92
Pyromania - Duration
No specific minimum; must be recurrent.
93
Pyromania - Differential
Distinguished from conduct disorder (broader behavioral pattern), fire-setting for gain or revenge (not pyromania).
94
Kleptomania
Recurrent failure to resist stealing objects not needed for personal use or value, with tension before and relief after.
95
Kleptomania - Duration
No set duration, but recurrent and impairing.
96
Kleptomania - Differential
Distinguished from theft for personal gain (not compulsive), Conduct Disorder (broader behavioral violation).
97
Enuresis
Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether intentional or unintentional.
98
Enuresis - Duration
At least twice a week for 3 months OR clinically significant distress; age 5 or older.
99
Enuresis - Differential
Rule out medical causes (e.g., UTI), distinguish from Encopresis (fecal incontinence).
100
Encopresis
Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, whether involuntary or intentional.
101
Encopresis - Duration
At least once a month for 3 months; age 4 or older.
102
Encopresis - Differential
Rule out medical conditions (e.g., constipation), distinguish from Enuresis (urine).
103
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Significant cognitive decline in one or more domains (e.g., memory, language, executive function), interfering with independence.
104
Major Neurocognitive Disorder - Duration
Ongoing; no specific timeframe, but must be progressive and not better explained by delirium or other mental disorder.
105
Major Neurocognitive Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (less impairment), delirium (sudden onset, fluctuating attention).
106
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Modest cognitive decline that does not interfere with capacity for independence, but may require greater effort or compensation.
107
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Duration
Ongoing; must be observed and measured through testing or clinical judgment.
108
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Differential
Distinguished from normal aging (no measurable decline), and from Major Neurocognitive Disorder (which involves more significant impairment).
109
Delirium
A disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over a short time and fluctuates throughout the day.
110
Delirium - Duration
Hours to days; acute onset.
111
Delirium - Differential
Distinguished from dementia (gradual decline), substance intoxication/withdrawal (check history of use).
112
Somatic Symptom Disorder
One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption, with excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms.
113
Somatic Symptom Disorder - Duration
Typically 6 months or more
114
Somatic Symptom Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Illness Anxiety Disorder (less physical symptoms), conversion disorder (specific neurologic symptoms).
115
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, with minimal or no somatic symptoms
116
Illness Anxiety Disorder - Duration
At least 6 months.
117
Illness Anxiety Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Somatic Symptom Disorder (actual physical symptoms), OCD (obsessions/compulsions unrelated to health).
118
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, seizures, blindness) incompatible with known medical conditions.
119
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) - Duration
No specific duration, but must be clinically significant.
120
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) - Differential
Distinguished from true neurological conditions (supported by medical testing), factitious disorder (intentional symptoms).
121
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
122
Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Duration
Begins by early adulthood; chronic
123
Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Antisocial Personality Disorder (manipulation for personal gain), Histrionic Personality Disorder (attention-seeking without grandiosity).
124
Histrionic Personality Disorder
A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.
125
Histrionic Personality Disorder - Duration
Begins by early adulthood; chronic
126
Histrionic Personality Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from Narcissistic PD (grandiosity), Borderline PD (identity disturbance and instability).
127
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Preoccupation with one or more perceived physical flaws not observable or slight to others.
128
Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Duration
No minimum duration; must cause significant distress or impairment
129
Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from eating disorders (focus on body weight), OCD (obsessions not focused on appearance).
130
Hoarding Disorder
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
131
Hoarding Disorder - Duration
Chronic; typically lifelong unless treated.
132
Hoarding Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from OCD (hoarding is not driven by intrusive thoughts or rituals), depression (lack of motivation, not compulsive collection).
133
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
134
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss, with repeated attempts to stop.
135
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) - Duration
No minimum duration, but must be recurrent and cause distress or impairment.
136
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) - Differential
Distinguished from OCD (compulsion not always linked to obsession), body-focused repetitive behaviors.
137
Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder)
Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions, with repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior.
138
Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder) - Duration
No minimum duration, but recurrent and impairing.
139
Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder) - Differential
Distinguished from OCD, substance-induced disorders, and dermatological conditions.
140
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)
A consistent pattern of emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, resulting from grossly inadequate caregiving.
141
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) - Duration
Symptoms must begin before age 5; child must be at least 9 months old
142
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) - Differential
Distinguished from Autism Spectrum Disorder (RAD is linked to neglect and lacks restricted interests).
143
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures.
144
Separation Anxiety Disorder - Duration
At least 4 weeks in children/adolescents; 6 months in adults.
145
Separation Anxiety Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from GAD (more general worry), panic disorder (unexpected panic attacks).
146
Binge-Eating Disorder
Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors.
147
Binge-Eating Disorder - Duration
At least once a week for 3 months.
148
Binge-Eating Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from bulimia (no purging), anorexia (no restriction or underweight).
149
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech/behavior.
150
Brief Psychotic Disorder - Duration
At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with full return to premorbid level of functioning.
151
Brief Psychotic Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from schizophrenia (longer duration), substance-induced psychosis (must rule out substances).
152
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, with recurrent gaps in memory.
153
Dissociative Identity Disorder - Duration
Ongoing; no minimum duration but must cause significant distress or impairment.
154
Dissociative Identity Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from PTSD (less identity fragmentation), psychotic disorders (hallucinations without identity shifts).
155
Gender Dysphoria
Distress due to a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.
156
Gender Dysphoria - Duration
At least 6 months.
157
Gender Dysphoria - Differential
Distinguished from trans identity without distress (no clinical diagnosis), body dysmorphic disorder (not gender-focused).
158
Insomnia Disorder
Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep, causing distress/impairment.
159
Insomnia Disorder - Duration
At least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months.
160
Insomnia Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from anxiety/depression (insomnia as a secondary symptom), circadian rhythm disorders (linked to sleep timing).
161
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorde
Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from one’s self (depersonalization) or surroundings (derealization), with intact reality testing.
162
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - Duration
symptoms may last hours to years; must cause distress or impairment
163
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from psychotic disorders (loss of reality testing), panic disorder (brief dissociation during panic).
164
Dissociative Amnesia
Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature
165
Dissociative Amnesia - Duration
Variable; typically sudden onset.
166
Dissociative Amnesia - Differential
Distinguished from ordinary forgetfulness, PTSD (intrusive memories, not gaps), neurological disorders (due to brain damage).
167
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another
Falsification of physical or psychological symptoms in another person, typically a dependent, without obvious external rewards.
168
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another - Duration
No minimum, but must be recurrent and cause harm or risk
169
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another - Differential
Distinguished from child abuse (may overlap, but motivation is psychological), malingering (external incentives).
170
Pica
Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances inappropriate to developmental level.
171
Pica - Durantion
At least 1 month.
172
Pica - Differential
Distinguished from cultural practices, developmental phase in toddlers, or nutritional deficiencies.
173
Selective Mutism
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other settings
174
Selective Mutism - Duration
At least 1 month (not limited to first month of school)
175
Selective Mutism- Differential
Distinguished from social anxiety disorder (selective mutism is more extreme), autism (includes broader communication issues).
176
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or sexual violence followed by intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative mood, and arousal.
177
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Arousal Symptoms
Irritability/anger
Reckless or self-destructive behavior
Hypervigilance
Exaggerated startle response
Concentration problems
Sleep disturbance
178
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Duration
More than 1 month.
179
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Differential
Differential: Acute Stress Disorder (shorter duration), adjustment disorder (less severe, no trauma).
180
Acute Stress Disorder
PTSD-like symptoms following trauma exposure, present immediately but short-lived.
181
Acute Stress Disorder - Duration
3 days to 1 month
182
Acute Stress Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from PTSD (longer duration), panic disorder (not trauma-related).
183
Adjustment Disorder (including “with other” or “unspecified”)
Emotional or behavioral response to a specific stressor causing distress or impairment
184
Adjustment Disorder - Duration
Begins within 3 months of the stressor and resolves within 6 months after it ends.
185
Adjustment Disorder - Differential
Distinguished from MDD (symptoms not as severe or persistent), PTSD (no trauma).
186
Adjustment Disorder (including “with other” or “unspecified”)
When the reaction doesn’t fit a specific subtype
187
Adjustment Disorder - Specifier Subtypes (5)
With depressed mood
With anxiety
With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
With disturbance of conduct
With mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
