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DSM Diagnoses Flashcards

1
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

Definition: Persistent low mood or loss of interest/pleasure in most activities, accompanied by other cognitive or physical symptoms.

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2
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)- Duration

A

At least 2 weeks.

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3
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from grief, Bipolar II (no hypomania), Persistent Depressive Disorder (longer duration).

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4
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A

Definition: Chronic, low-grade depression with fewer symptoms than MDD.

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5
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)- Duration

A

Duration: At least 2 years (1 year for children/adolescents).

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6
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - Diff

A

Distinguished from MDD by duration and severity; MDD is more intense and episodic.

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7
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

At least one manic episode, may include depressive episodes.

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8
Q

Bipolar I Disorder - Duration

A

Mania lasts at least 1 week or requires hospitalization

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9
Q

Bipolar I Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Bipolar II (which has hypomania, not full mania), schizophrenia (no cycling mood episodes).

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10
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

At least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode; no history of manic episodes

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11
Q

Bipolar II Disorder - Duration

A

Hypomania lasts at least 4 consecutive days.

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12
Q

Bipolar II Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Bipolar I (no full mania), MDD (no hypomania).

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13
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbances involving hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don’t meet full criteria.

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14
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder - Duration

A

At least 2 years (1 year for children/adolescents).

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15
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Bipolar I/II (never meets full criteria for mania/hypomania or MDD).

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16
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

Excessive, uncontrollable worry about various life domains

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17
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Duration

A

At least 6 months.

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18
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)- Differential

A

Distinguished from panic disorder (episodic), OCD (obsessions/compulsions), PTSD (trauma-related).

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19
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with concern about future attacks or behavioral changes.

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20
Q

Panic Disorder - Duration

A

1 month or more of worry/behavior change following attack(s).

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21
Q

Panic Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from specific phobia (triggered panic), agoraphobia (fear of situations), GAD (chronic worry).

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22
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Intense fear of social situations where one might be judged or embarrassed.

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23
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder - Duration

A

At least 6 months

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24
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from panic disorder (not limited to social triggers), avoidant personality disorder (more pervasive).

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25
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

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26
Q

Specific Phobia - Duration

A

At least 6 months.

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27
Q

Specific Phobia - Differential

A

Distinguished from social anxiety disorder (social situations), PTSD (trauma response).

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28
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

Presence of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors).

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29
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Duration

A

No minimum duration, but must be time-consuming/distressing.

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30
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from GAD (worry without rituals), OCPD (personality traits vs. intrusive distressing thoughts).

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31
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Persistent mental and emotional stress as a result of experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event

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32
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Duration

A

Symptoms must last more than 1 month.

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33
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from acute stress disorder (less than 1 month), GAD (not trauma-related).

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34
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

Immediate stress response following a trauma with similar symptoms to PTSD.

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35
Q

Acute Stress Disorder - Duration

A

Symptoms occur within 3 days to 1 month after trauma.

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36
Q

Acute Stress Disorder - Differential

A

Symptoms occur within 3 days to 1 month after trauma.
CHECK THIS ONE

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37
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor.

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38
Q

Adjustment Disorder - Duration

A

Symptoms begin within 3 months of stressor, and last no longer than 6 months after it ends.

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39
Q

Adjustment Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from MDD/PTSD (less severe, tied to a clear stressor).

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40
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions, with impulsivity and fear of abandonment

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41
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder - Duration

A

Chronic, begins by early adulthood.

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42
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Bipolar II (mood shifts are rapid and relationally triggered in BPD).

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43
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A chronic mental disorder with delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms.

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44
Q

Schizophrenia - Duration

A

Continuous signs for at least 6 months, with 1 month of active-phase symptoms.

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45
Q

Schizophrenia - differential

A

Distinguished from schizoaffective (mood symptoms present for substantial time), bipolar with psychosis (mood-congruent psychosis).

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46
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

Features of both schizophrenia and mood disorder (manic or depressive episodes)

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47
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder - Duration

A

Delusions or hallucinations occur for at least 2 weeks without mood symptoms

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48
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from schizophrenia (no mood episodes) and mood disorders with psychotic features (psychosis only during mood episodes).

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49
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior).

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50
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder - Duration

A

At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with full return to functioning.

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51
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from schizophrenia (longer duration), substance-induced psychosis (must rule out substances).

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52
Q

Delusional Disorder

A

Persistent delusions without other major psychotic symptoms.

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53
Q

Delusional Disorder - Duration

A

At least 1 month

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54
Q

Delusional Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from schizophrenia (doesn’t have disorganized speech or negative symptoms), paranoid personality disorder (less fixed beliefs).

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55
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Restriction of food intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image.

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56
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Duration

A

No specific timeframe, but symptoms must be ongoing and clinically significant.

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57
Q

Anorexia Nervosa - Differential

A

Distinguished from Bulimia (no binge/purge or at significantly low weight), body dysmorphic disorder (no weight focus).

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58
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating with inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting, fasting)

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59
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - Duration

A

At least once a week for 3 months.

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60
Q

Bulimia Nervosa - Differential

A

Distinguished from anorexia (weight is usually normal or above), binge-eating disorder (no compensatory behavior).

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61
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

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62
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

At least once a week for 3 months

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63
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Distinguished from bulimia (no purging), anorexia (no restriction or underweight).

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64
Q

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning.

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65
Q

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Duration

A

At least 6 months; onset before age 12.

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66
Q

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from anxiety (no hyperactivity), oppositional defiant disorder (intentional defiance), learning disorders (task-specific).

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67
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

Deficits in social communication and interaction, plus restricted/repetitive behaviors or interests

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68
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Duration

A

Symptoms present in early developmental period.

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69
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from social anxiety (not just shyness), intellectual disability (broader delays), language disorder (without restricted behavior).

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70
Q

Intellectual Disability

A

Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning across multiple environments.

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71
Q

Intellectual Disability - Duration

A

Onset during developmental period.

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72
Q

Intellectual Disability - Differential

A

Distinguished from specific learning disorder (more global impairments), ASD (social communication + restricted interests).

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73
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

A

Difficulty learning and using academic skills in reading, writing, or math.

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74
Q

Specific Learning Disorder - Duration

A

At least 6 months, despite intervention

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75
Q

Specific Learning Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from intellectual disability (more general), ADHD (attention problems across tasks).

76
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

77
Q

Substance Use Disorder - Duration

A

At least 12 months.

78
Q

Substance Use Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from substance-induced disorders (symptoms due to substance), rule out primary mental disorders.

79
Q

Gambling Disorder

A

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to impairment or distress.

80
Q

Gambling Disorder - Duration

A

12-month period.

81
Q

Gambling Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from mania (gambling only during episodes), substance use (no gambling behavior).

82
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A

A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness toward authority figures

83
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) - Duration

A

At least 6 months.

84
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from Conduct Disorder (no aggression or violation of rights), ADHD (impulsivity without defiance).

85
Q

Conduct Disorder

A

Repetitive and persistent pattern of violating the rights of others or major societal norms (e.g., aggression, theft, property destruction0

86
Q

Conduct Disorder - Duration

A

At least 12 months, with 1 symptom in past 6 months.

87
Q

Conduct Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from ODD (more severe, includes aggression/criminality), Antisocial Personality Disorder (must be 18+).

88
Q

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

A

Repeated episodes of impulsive, aggressive outbursts grossly out of proportion to the situation.

89
Q

Intermittent Explosive Disorder - Duration

A

verbal/physical outbursts twice weekly for 3 months, or 3 serious outbursts within 12 months.

90
Q

Intermittent Explosive Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Conduct Disorder (planned aggression), Bipolar Disorder (agitation part of mood episode).

91
Q

Pyromania

A

Deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion, with tension before and relief after.

92
Q

Pyromania - Duration

A

No specific minimum; must be recurrent.

93
Q

Pyromania - Differential

A

Distinguished from conduct disorder (broader behavioral pattern), fire-setting for gain or revenge (not pyromania).

94
Q

Kleptomania

A

Recurrent failure to resist stealing objects not needed for personal use or value, with tension before and relief after.

95
Q

Kleptomania - Duration

A

No set duration, but recurrent and impairing.

96
Q

Kleptomania - Differential

A

Distinguished from theft for personal gain (not compulsive), Conduct Disorder (broader behavioral violation).

97
Q

Enuresis

A

Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes, whether intentional or unintentional.

98
Q

Enuresis - Duration

A

At least twice a week for 3 months OR clinically significant distress; age 5 or older.

99
Q

Enuresis - Differential

A

Rule out medical causes (e.g., UTI), distinguish from Encopresis (fecal incontinence).

100
Q

Encopresis

A

Repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, whether involuntary or intentional.

101
Q

Encopresis - Duration

A

At least once a month for 3 months; age 4 or older.

102
Q

Encopresis - Differential

A

Rule out medical conditions (e.g., constipation), distinguish from Enuresis (urine).

103
Q

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

A

Significant cognitive decline in one or more domains (e.g., memory, language, executive function), interfering with independence.

104
Q

Major Neurocognitive Disorder - Duration

A

Ongoing; no specific timeframe, but must be progressive and not better explained by delirium or other mental disorder.

105
Q

Major Neurocognitive Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (less impairment), delirium (sudden onset, fluctuating attention).

106
Q

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

A

Modest cognitive decline that does not interfere with capacity for independence, but may require greater effort or compensation.

107
Q

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Duration

A

Ongoing; must be observed and measured through testing or clinical judgment.

108
Q

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Differential

A

Distinguished from normal aging (no measurable decline), and from Major Neurocognitive Disorder (which involves more significant impairment).

109
Q

Delirium

A

A disturbance in attention and awareness that develops over a short time and fluctuates throughout the day.

110
Q

Delirium - Duration

A

Hours to days; acute onset.

111
Q

Delirium - Differential

A

Distinguished from dementia (gradual decline), substance intoxication/withdrawal (check history of use).

112
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption, with excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms.

113
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder - Duration

A

Typically 6 months or more

114
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Illness Anxiety Disorder (less physical symptoms), conversion disorder (specific neurologic symptoms).

115
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness, with minimal or no somatic symptoms

116
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder - Duration

A

At least 6 months.

117
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Somatic Symptom Disorder (actual physical symptoms), OCD (obsessions/compulsions unrelated to health).

118
Q

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)

A

Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, seizures, blindness) incompatible with known medical conditions.

119
Q

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) - Duration

A

No specific duration, but must be clinically significant.

120
Q

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) - Differential

A

Distinguished from true neurological conditions (supported by medical testing), factitious disorder (intentional symptoms).

121
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

122
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Duration

A

Begins by early adulthood; chronic

123
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Antisocial Personality Disorder (manipulation for personal gain), Histrionic Personality Disorder (attention-seeking without grandiosity).

124
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

A pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior.

125
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder - Duration

A

Begins by early adulthood; chronic

126
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from Narcissistic PD (grandiosity), Borderline PD (identity disturbance and instability).

127
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Preoccupation with one or more perceived physical flaws not observable or slight to others.

128
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Duration

A

No minimum duration; must cause significant distress or impairment

129
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from eating disorders (focus on body weight), OCD (obsessions not focused on appearance).

130
Q

Hoarding Disorder

A

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.

131
Q

Hoarding Disorder - Duration

A

Chronic; typically lifelong unless treated.

132
Q

Hoarding Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from OCD (hoarding is not driven by intrusive thoughts or rituals), depression (lack of motivation, not compulsive collection).

133
Q

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

134
Q

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

A

Recurrent pulling out of one’s hair, resulting in hair loss, with repeated attempts to stop.

135
Q

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) - Duration

A

No minimum duration, but must be recurrent and cause distress or impairment.

136
Q

Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) - Differential

A

Distinguished from OCD (compulsion not always linked to obsession), body-focused repetitive behaviors.

137
Q

Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder)

A

Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions, with repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior.

138
Q

Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder) - Duration

A

No minimum duration, but recurrent and impairing.

139
Q

Excoriation (Skin-Picking Disorder) - Differential

A

Distinguished from OCD, substance-induced disorders, and dermatological conditions.

140
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A

A consistent pattern of emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, resulting from grossly inadequate caregiving.

141
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) - Duration

A

Symptoms must begin before age 5; child must be at least 9 months old

142
Q

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) - Differential

A

Distinguished from Autism Spectrum Disorder (RAD is linked to neglect and lacks restricted interests).

143
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures.

144
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder - Duration

A

At least 4 weeks in children/adolescents; 6 months in adults.

145
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from GAD (more general worry), panic disorder (unexpected panic attacks).

146
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors.

147
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder - Duration

A

At least once a week for 3 months.

148
Q

Binge-Eating Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from bulimia (no purging), anorexia (no restriction or underweight).

149
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech/behavior.

150
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder - Duration

A

At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with full return to premorbid level of functioning.

151
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from schizophrenia (longer duration), substance-induced psychosis (must rule out substances).

152
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, with recurrent gaps in memory.

153
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder - Duration

A

Ongoing; no minimum duration but must cause significant distress or impairment.

154
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from PTSD (less identity fragmentation), psychotic disorders (hallucinations without identity shifts).

155
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

Distress due to a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender.

156
Q

Gender Dysphoria - Duration

A

At least 6 months.

157
Q

Gender Dysphoria - Differential

A

Distinguished from trans identity without distress (no clinical diagnosis), body dysmorphic disorder (not gender-focused).

158
Q

Insomnia Disorder

A

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep, causing distress/impairment.

159
Q

Insomnia Disorder - Duration

A

At least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months.

160
Q

Insomnia Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from anxiety/depression (insomnia as a secondary symptom), circadian rhythm disorders (linked to sleep timing).

161
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorde

A

Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from one’s self (depersonalization) or surroundings (derealization), with intact reality testing.

162
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - Duration

A

symptoms may last hours to years; must cause distress or impairment

163
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from psychotic disorders (loss of reality testing), panic disorder (brief dissociation during panic).

164
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature

165
Q

Dissociative Amnesia - Duration

A

Variable; typically sudden onset.

166
Q

Dissociative Amnesia - Differential

A

Distinguished from ordinary forgetfulness, PTSD (intrusive memories, not gaps), neurological disorders (due to brain damage).

167
Q

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another

A

Falsification of physical or psychological symptoms in another person, typically a dependent, without obvious external rewards.

168
Q

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another - Duration

A

No minimum, but must be recurrent and cause harm or risk

169
Q

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another - Differential

A

Distinguished from child abuse (may overlap, but motivation is psychological), malingering (external incentives).

170
Q

Pica

A

Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances inappropriate to developmental level.

171
Q

Pica - Durantion

A

At least 1 month.

172
Q

Pica - Differential

A

Distinguished from cultural practices, developmental phase in toddlers, or nutritional deficiencies.

173
Q

Selective Mutism

A

Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other settings

174
Q

Selective Mutism - Duration

A

At least 1 month (not limited to first month of school)

175
Q

Selective Mutism- Differential

A

Distinguished from social anxiety disorder (selective mutism is more extreme), autism (includes broader communication issues).

176
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or sexual violence followed by intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative mood, and arousal.

177
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Arousal Symptoms

A

Irritability/anger

Reckless or self-destructive behavior

Hypervigilance

Exaggerated startle response

Concentration problems

Sleep disturbance

178
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Duration

A

More than 1 month.

179
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Differential

A

Differential: Acute Stress Disorder (shorter duration), adjustment disorder (less severe, no trauma).

180
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

PTSD-like symptoms following trauma exposure, present immediately but short-lived.

181
Q

Acute Stress Disorder - Duration

A

3 days to 1 month

182
Q

Acute Stress Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from PTSD (longer duration), panic disorder (not trauma-related).

183
Q

Adjustment Disorder (including “with other” or “unspecified”)

A

Emotional or behavioral response to a specific stressor causing distress or impairment

184
Q

Adjustment Disorder - Duration

A

Begins within 3 months of the stressor and resolves within 6 months after it ends.

185
Q

Adjustment Disorder - Differential

A

Distinguished from MDD (symptoms not as severe or persistent), PTSD (no trauma).

186
Q

Adjustment Disorder (including “with other” or “unspecified”)

A

When the reaction doesn’t fit a specific subtype

187
Q

Adjustment Disorder - Specifier Subtypes (5)

A

With depressed mood

With anxiety

With mixed anxiety and depressed mood

With disturbance of conduct

With mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct

MFT licensure (17 decks)

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