DSA: Osmosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a SOLVENT?

A

Fluid that serves as the “base” for the solution

*In human body, the solvent is water

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2
Q

What is a SOLUTE?

A

Substance that is dissolved to make the solution

*In human body, solutes include the ions, proteins, steroids, etc…

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3
Q

Osmosis produces a significant change in the __________ of the two solutions; the more concentrated solution will _______ in volume as the solvent moves from the less concentrated solution to balance the two solutions

A

VOLUME, INCREASE

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4
Q

Describe DIFFUSION

A
  • Movement of the solute across a membrane when there is a concentration gradient
  • Moves from high concentration to low concentration
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5
Q

Describe OSMOSIS

A
  • Movement of the SOLVENT

- Result in pressure gradient

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6
Q

In the body: the solvent is:

A

Water

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7
Q

In the body: solutes are:

A

ions, proteins

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8
Q

*Despite the different ion concentrations in the intra- versus extracellular fluid, the osmolarity of the two is _________

A

the same

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9
Q

*Osmosis ___________ the concentration of solutes

A

doesn’t depend on

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10
Q

*Osmosis only occurs if

A

There is a gradient for the water

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11
Q

Which ion(s) are in higher concentration in the ECF?

A
  • Sodium
  • Chloride
  • Calcium
  • Bicarbonate
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12
Q

Which ion(s) are in higher concentration in the ICF?

A

Potassium

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13
Q

The osmolarity of the ICF and ECF are:

A

THE SAME, no gradient for osmosis to occur

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14
Q

What does OSMOLARITY measure?

A

Number of osmotically active particles (solute) in the solution

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15
Q

Osmolarity is measured in units of ________

A

osmoles

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16
Q

In the body, osmolarity is measured in ________

A

milliosmoles (mOsm)

1/1000 of an Osmole

17
Q

How to calculate osmolarity?

A

Osmolarity= g x [C]

18
Q

Osmolarity calculation:

g=1 if:

A

the solute doesn’t dissociate

19
Q

Osmolarity calculation:

examples of g=1?

A

Glucose, urea, proteins

20
Q

Osmolarity calculation:

g>1 if:

A

the solute dissociates when placed in solution

21
Q

Osmolarity calculation:

examples of g>1?

A

NaCl

g=2 if the NaCl were to completely dissociate into Na and Cl

The measured g=1.8 because not all the NaCl dissociates

CaCl2

g=3 at a max

22
Q

What is the reflection coefficient?

A

Measure of the solute’s permeability across the membrane

Ranges b/w 0-1

0=solute is fully permeable across the membrane
1= solute is completely impermeable across the membrane

***Important b/c tells if OSMOSIS WILL OCCUR

23
Q

If the reflection coefficient is 0, osmosis ______ occur

24
Q

If the reflection coefficient is 1, osmosis ______ occur

25
What is the average osmolarity of the ICF and ECF of the human body?
290 mOsm
26
What is the normal range for osmolarity in the human body?
270-300 mOsm
27
A 0.9% solution of sodium chloride is ________ to RBCs
Isosmotic *Normal saline
28
What is a CMP?
Complete metabolic profile
29
What is the equation used for estimating osmolality?
=(2x [Na]) + ( [glucose]/18) + ([BUN]/2.8)