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MCM Exam 2 > (1) DSA: Cell Organelles > Flashcards

(1) DSA: Cell Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • Protein synthesis
  • Lipid synthesis
  • Protein folding
  • Storage of calcium
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2
Q

Role of lysosomes?

A

Digest organelles and biomolecules

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3
Q

Role of peroxisomes?

A

Oxidation reactions

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4
Q

What are the 3 Topological compartments of the cell?

A
  1. Nucleus and cytosol
  2. Secretory pathway (ER, Golgi, Endosomes, Lysosomes)
  3. Mitochondria
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5
Q

Membrane ______ and ______ allows the lumen of these compartments to communicate with each other and with the cell exterior

A

budding; fusion

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6
Q

What are the two compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • Luminal/Cisternal compartment

- Cytoplasmic/cytosolic compartment

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7
Q

Cells that make _______ proteins have lots of RER

A

secreted

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8
Q

Protein synthesis:

How does it occur b/w ribosomes and the RER?

A
  1. Ribosomes attach to ER

2. Secretory proteins are directed to ER based on SIGNAL SEQUENCE

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9
Q

Most proteins exit the RER in vesicles transported to the ____ portion of the Golgi apparatus

A

Cis

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10
Q

How is SER different from the RER?

A

SER…

  • Lacks ribosomes
  • Tubular cisternae
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11
Q

What is the role of lysosomes?

A

Cellular suicide organelles

  • digest
  • born from endosomes and golgi vesicles
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12
Q

Vesicle transport mechanisms:

What are the two types of coated vesicles?

A
  1. Clathrin-coated vesicles

2. COP-coated vesicles

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13
Q

Where do CLATHRIN COATED vesicles travel?

A

Golgi–> Lysosomes

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14
Q

Where do COP-COATED vesicles travel?

A

Travel within stacks of the golgi apparatus (COP1)

From ER to the Golgi (COPII)

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15
Q

What is the function of dynamin?

A

Surrounds the neck of the invaginated coated pit, causing the neck of the vesicle to pinch off from the plasma membrane

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16
Q

Lysosomal enzymes are most active at what pH?

A

ACIDIC pH

17
Q

What are the IMPORTANT 2 steps of lysosomal sorting?

A
  1. Phosphorylation of lysosomal enzymes (M6P)

4. Binding of lysosomal enzymes to M6P receptor

18
Q

What do lysosomes contain that maintains an acidic intralysosomal environment?

A

ATP-dependent H+ pump

19
Q

What is a primary lysosome?

A

No digestive events, inactive enzymes

20
Q

What is a secondary lysosome?

A

Engaged in catalytic process

21
Q

Function of the golgi?

A

Post-translational changes on proteins and lipids

22
Q

Role of mitochondria?

A
  • Makes ATP
  • Signaling
  • Cell differentiation and death
23
Q

Cells that make _______ proteins have lots of RER

A

Secreted

24
Q

The SMOOTH ER is continuous with the RER but differs in two ways:

A
  • Lacks ribosomes

- Tubular cisternae

25
Q

What signals to the golgi to make lysosomal enzymes?

A

Mannose-6-phosphate

26
Q

Golgi apparatus/complex:

What does retrograde traffic refer to?

A

Vesicles traveling from golgi to ER

27
Q

Golgi apparatus/complex:

What does anterograde traffic refer to?:

A

Vesicles traveling from Golgi toward exiting cytoplasm

28
Q

What is the fate of a CLATHRIN coated vesicle?

A

Golgi–> lysosomes/exterior of cell

29
Q

What is the fate of COP-coated vesicles?

A

Products travel b/w stacks of Golgi (COP-I)

Products travel from ER to Golgi (COP-II)

30
Q

What are the 3 pathways for intracellular degradation?

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Autophagy
  3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
31
Q

*IMPORTANT change to endosome maturation?

A

Lowering of internal pH to 5.5

32
Q

What is familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

Mechanism: cholesterol uptake is disrupted

  • Elevation in LDL (predominant cholesterol transport protein in plasma)
  • High levels lead to atherosclerotic plaques
33
Q

Functions of peroxisomes?

A
  • Synthesis and degradation of hydrogen peroxide
  • Beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids
  • Bile acid and cholesterol synthesis
  • Detoxify alcohol
34
Q

What are Zellweger spectrum disorders caused by?

A

Peroxisome biogenesis disorder

  • Absence or reduced # of peroxisomes
  • Congenital
  • No cure, death within first year of life
35
Q

Mitochondria originated from…

A

bacteria

36
Q

Mitochondria evolved to eventually…

A

retain own DNA

MCM Exam 2 (13 decks)

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