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MCM Exam 2 > (9) Stem Cells > Flashcards

(9) Stem Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

Primitive cell; can either self-renew or give rise to more specialized cell types

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of stem cells?

A
  • Not terminally differentiated
  • Can divide w/out limit
  • Undergo slow division
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3
Q

Adult stem cells are _________ specific

A

tissue

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4
Q

Proliferative potential =

A

potency

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5
Q

Define:

Totipotent

A

Give rise to ALL cells of an organism

eg: zygote

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6
Q

Define:

Pluripotent

A

Give rise to cells types of the EMBRYO and Subsequently adult tissues

eg: embryonic stem cells

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7
Q

Define:

Multipotent

A

Can give rise to different cell types of a given lineage

eg: adult stem cells

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8
Q

What are founder cells?

A
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9
Q

What is a transit amplifying cell?

A
  • Divide frequently

- Transit from a cell with stem cell characteristics to a differentiated cell

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10
Q

Maintenance of stem cells:

What are the types of asymmetry?

A
  • Divisional asymmetry

- Environmental asymmetry

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11
Q

Maintenance of stem cells:

What is the importance of asymmetry in stem cell division?

A

Able to create one differentiated cell type, retain one stem cell

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12
Q

What is the immortal strand hypothesis?

A

-Some tissues’ stem cells selectively retain original DNA

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13
Q

Embryonic stem cells are derived from the _______

A

blastocyst

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14
Q

Embryonic stem cells are capable of proliferating _______

A

indefinitely

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15
Q

Embryonic stem cells have _______ developmental potential

A

unrestricted

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16
Q

Embryonic stem cells give rise to _______

A

tertomas

17
Q

Genes in pluripotent cells:

What are the transcription factors that are essential for establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells?

A
  • Nanog
  • Oct4
  • Sox2
  • FoxD3
18
Q

Cripto and GDF-3 are ______

A

growth factors found in pluripotent cells

19
Q

Adult stem cells respond to:

A

demands of growth and repair

-STRICTLY imposed by molecular restraints on gene expression

20
Q

What is a major limitation with use of adult stem cells?

A

Immune rejection

21
Q

What are the two alternative sources for Human ES cells?

A
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells

- Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

22
Q

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells:

Describe:

A

Take fully differentiated adult cells and return them back to pluripotent state

23
Q

iPS cells have a ________ teratoma potential than native ES cells

A

HIGHER

24
Q

Dolly the sheep was created via ________

A

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

MCM Exam 2 (13 decks)

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