(8) Basic Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is a _______ connective tissue

A

fluid

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2
Q

Blood consists of three “formed element” components:

A
  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
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3
Q

Function of blood?

A
  • Delivery of nutrients/oxygen
  • Transport of wastes and CO2
  • Delivery of hormones
  • Maintenance of homeostasis
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4
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Packed RBCs

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5
Q

What is the buffy coat? What percentage of blood volume?

A

Leukocytes and platelets

1%

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6
Q

Blood plasma?

A
  • LIQUID
  • Solvent for solutes
  • Interstitial fluid: fluid surrounding tissue cells, derived from blood plasma
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7
Q

What are the components of blood plasma?

A

Water >90%
Protein 8%
Other solutes 1-2%

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8
Q

What are the common plasma proteins?

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulins
  • Fibrinogen
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9
Q

What is serum?

A

Blood plasma without clotting factors

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10
Q

What is albumin:

A

Plasma protein

  • THE MAIN ONE; 50% of plasma protein concentration
  • *Colloid osmotic pressure (impt. kidney fxn)
  • Carrier protein; thyroxine, bilirubin, barbiturates
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11
Q

What are globulins?

A
  • Immunoglobulins (gamma globulin) : Immune

- Non-immune globulins (alpha and beta) : osmotic pressure maintenance, carrier proteins

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12
Q

What is Fibrinogen?

A

LARGEST

  • Soluble; gets converted to insoluble FIBRIN
  • Changes shape
  • Forms impermeable net to prevent blood loss
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13
Q

Erythrocytes:

Describe

A
  • Anucleate cells devoid of typical organelles
  • Biconcave disc, flexible
  • Bind O2, for delivery to tissue and bind CO2 for removal from tissues

*Lifespan 120 days, phagocytosed in spleen, bone marrow and liver

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14
Q

Erythocytes are considered a histologic _____

A

Ruler;

Always the same size!

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15
Q

Reticulocytes:

Describe

A

Immature RBCs released into circulation from bone marrow;

STAINING: Still can have organelles, IDed with blueish staining, overall can be larger

*will mature in 24-48 hours

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16
Q

Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton:

What are the two proteins involved?

A
  • Glycoprotein C

- Band 3 protein

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17
Q

Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton:

What does glycoprotein C do?

A

Attaches underlying cytoskeletal protein network to cell membrane

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18
Q

Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton:

What does Band 3 protein do?

A

Binds hemoglobin and acts as an anchoring site for the cytoskeletal proteins (most abundant)

19
Q

Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton:

What are the peripheral membrane proteins?

A
  • SPECTRIN proteins: Alpha-spectrin and Beta-spectrin
  • Band 4.1 protein complex
  • Ankyrin protein complex
20
Q

What is Anemia?

A
  • Decreased Hb levels

- Most caused by reduction in RBCs

21
Q

What causes Anemia?

A

Insufficient dietary:

  • Fe
  • Vitamin B12
  • Folic acid

Or Hereditary issues

22
Q

Sx of Anemia?

A

Weakness, fatigue, loss of energy, frequent headaches, difficulty concentrating

23
Q

What is hemolytic anemia?

A

accelerated destruction of RBCs

24
Q

What is Hereditary spherocytosis?

A

DEFECTIVE ANCHOR POINTS, spherical erythrocytes

25
What is Hereditary elliptocytosis?
DEFECTIVE SPECTRIN, membrane fails to rebound
26
What are the GRANULOCYTES?
- Neutrophils - Eosinophils - Basophils
27
Varying amounts of blood cell types order?
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
28
What are AGRANULOCYTES?
- Lymphocytes | - Monocytes
29
How to Neutrophils appear?
- Multilobed nucleus - Lack of cytoplasmic staining - More purple
30
What do Neutrophils do?
Acute inflammation, tissue injury Secrete enzymes ingest damaged tissue, kill invading microorganisms
31
What are the neutrophil granules?
1. Azurophilic granules 2. Specific granules 3. Tertiary granules
32
How do Eosinophils appear?
- Intensely pink staining - About same size as neutrophils - Nuclei are bi-lobed
33
Function of Eosinophils?
- Mediate parasitic infections - Participate in allergies - Release ARYLSULFATASE and HISTAMINASE
34
How do Basophils appear?
- DEEP Purple | - Least numerous
35
What do Basophils do?
-Hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis
36
How do lymphocytes stain?
Deep purple interior, lighter purple surrounding
37
General function of lymphocytes?
Main functional cells of immune system
38
Lymphocytes T&B staining?
INDISTINGUISHABLE
39
Monocytes staining?
LARGEST -Heart shaped nucleus/C shaped
40
Function of monocytes?
- Macrophages of connective tissue, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow - Inflammation; phagocytosis
41
What are thrombocytes?
Smallest! (They are fragments) - Break off of a MEGAKARYOCYTE * Flow through blood and help control bleeding
42
What is Thrombocytosis?
Blood clotting
43
What occurs in thrombocytosis?
- Serotonin - ADP and thromboxane A2 - Forms Primary hemostatic plug - Fibrinogen --> fibrin - Forms secondary hemostatic plug