(10) Tissue Architecture

Question 1

Intermediate filaments are _______ to stretching forces

Answer 1

Resistant

Question 2

What are the three cytoskeletal filaments?

Answer 2

1. Intermediate filaments (laminins)
2. Microtubules (tubulin)
3. Microfilaments (actin)

Question 3

Intermediate filaments:

Characteristics?

Answer 3

• Great strength
• Rope like properties
• In cytoplasm
• Form mesh-like structure “nuclear lamina”

Question 4

Defect in intermediate filaments leads to:

Answer 4

Progeria

Question 5

Microtubules:

Characteristics?

Answer 5

• Organizing
• Hollow tubes
• Rapid assembly and disassembly
• Mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation
• Part of cilia and flagella

Question 6

Microtubules:

Role of gamma tubulin?

Answer 6

Nucleation in microtubules at (-) end

Question 7

Name a drug that binds and stabilizes microtubules:

Answer 7

Taxol

Question 8

Microfilaments:

Role

Answer 8

Essential for cell movements:

-locomotion, phagocytosis, cell division, contraction

Question 9

Microfilaments:

Undergo _______ type movement

Answer 9

treadmilling

Question 10

Name a drug that affects actin filaments:

Answer 10

Phalloidin

Question 11

Collagen:

Answer 11

• Main structural protein in ECM/connective tissue and basal laminae
• Trimeric proteins
• Associate as fibers, sheets or transmembrane structures

Question 12

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Cause?

Answer 12

Mutation in collagen or collagen synthesis genes

*Stretchy skin

Question 13

Scurvy

Cause?

Answer 13

Loss of cofactor (ascorbate or iron)

Question 14

What are the four cell connections/junctions?

Answer 14

1. Anchoring junctions
2. Occluding junctions
3. Channel-forming junctions
4. Signal-relaying junctions

Question 15

What are the 3 major domains of Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)?

Answer 15

1. Extracellular domain
2. Transmembrane
3. Cytoplasmic

Question 16

What are the four major families of Cell Adhesion molecules?

Answer 16

1. Cadherins
2. Ig-superfamily CAMs
3. Integrins
4. Selectins

Question 17

Describe Cadherin Superfamily

Answer 17

• Ca2+ dependent adhesion molecule

- Formation of JUNCTIONS b/w cells

Question 18

What are the 4 cadherins you need to know?

Answer 18

• E-cadherin
• N-cadherin
• VE-cadherin
• LI-cadherin

Question 19

Where does E-cadherin act?

Answer 19

Epithelial

Question 20

Where does N-cadherin act?

Answer 20

Neural

Question 21

Where does VE-cadherin act?

Answer 21

Vascular-endothelial

Question 22

Where does LI-cadherin act?

Answer 22

Liver-intestine

Question 23

Cadherins can serve as biomarkers for ________

Answer 23

invasive, metastatic tumors

Question 24

Cadherin recognizes the transition referred to as:

Answer 24

EMT; epithelia to mesenchymal transition