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..3 > DSA Neurophys Of Emotions > Flashcards

DSA Neurophys Of Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Limbic system control?

A

Emotional behavior

Motivational drives

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2
Q

What comprises the Limbic system?

A 
Hypothalamus
Olfactory cortex
Thalamus
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala 
Anterior cingulate cortex
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3
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Used to create PHYSIOLOGICAL responses to emotions via ANS

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4
Q

What does the olfactory cortex do in the Limbic system?

A

Allows odors to act as strong stimulus for emotion

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5
Q

What is the role of the thalamus in the Limbic system?

A

Relays sensory info into the Limbic system

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6
Q

What is the anterior nucleus of the thalamus a part of?

A

Papez circuit

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7
Q

What parts of the basal ganglia are looked at for emotion in the limibc system?

What are their roles?

A

Nucleus accumbens = pleasure

Putamen = disgust

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8
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus in the Limbic system?

Specifically the parahippocampus?

A

Links emotion to memory creation and surrounding regions to surprise

Parahippocampal: surprise

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9
Q

What is the role of the Amygdala in the Limbic system?

A

Linked with fear and anger

Was considered core of all emotional responses

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10
Q

What is the role of the

Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Limbic system?

A

Higher level control and sadness

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11
Q

What does the anterior cingulate cortex consist of?

What is an important feature of its nuerons?

A

Mostly paleocortex (3 cell layers) but some have neocortex (all 6 layers)

Neurons show “after-discharge”

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12
Q

What emotions are hardwired into our brains?

A 
Fear
Anger
Pleasure
Avoidance
Sadness
Disgust
Surprise
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13
Q

How do we identify emotions in others?

A

Thru same circuit that we use to experience an emotion

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14
Q

What happens if you can’t experience an emotion?

A

You can not recognize it on others

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15
Q

What allows us to experience emotion and see it in others?

A

Mirror neuron system

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16
Q

When are mirror neurons active?

A

Fire when you do something and when you see someone else doing that same action

(I.e. smiling)

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17
Q

What is the role of the Mirror neuron system?

A

Imitation
Imitative learning
Emotional processing

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18
Q

What are the 2 kinds of fear?

A

Innate (unconditioned)

Learned (conditioned)

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19
Q

What is innate fear ?

A

For animals - thru olfacotry cues

For humans - falling, loud noises (?)

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20
Q

What is Learned fear?

A

Fear from experience or indirect experience

21
Q

What process and recognizes social cues related to fear?

A

Amygdala

22
Q

How does sensory input to create Learned Fear get to amygdala?

Final destination in amygdala?

A
  1. Direct thalamoamygdaloid pathway
  2. Indirect thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid pathway

Lateral nucleus of amygdala

23
Q

What is the response if using the

Direct pathway to the amygdala?

Indirect pathway?

A

Direct: rapid response

Indirect: mediates later responses

24
Q

What si the role of the lateral nucleus of amygdala?

Example?

A

Integrates inputs

Ex: pairing of sound and electrical shock

25
Q

For learned fear, after the pathways have sent input to the lateral nucleus of amygdala,

Where does the integrated input go?

A

To basal and intercalated nuclei for further processing

26
Q

The basal, intercalated and lateral nuclei of the amygdala will send integrated and processed sensory info about learned fear to?

And then to?

A

Central nucleus in amygdala

—> Hypothalamus

27
Q

What does the hypothalamus do in the pathway for creating Learned Fear?

A

Important component of generating physiologic response

Decides what response are required and relays info appropriately

28
Q

What happens if the amygdala is damaged?

A

Fear is not perceived

Conditioning to fear will not occur

29
Q

What is the pathway for Learned fear?

A

• input:
direct thalamogeniculate-amygdaloid path for rapid response
indirect thalamogeniculate-corticospinal-amygdaloid path for late response
• Feed into: lateral nucleus of amygdala for pairing of events
• Travel to: intercalated and basal n. For further processing
• ALL go to: central nucleus of amygdala - determines what the responses should be
• Final destination— approrpitate parts of Limbic system, including hypothalamus

30
Q

What is anger mediated thru?

A

Amygdala

31
Q

What was the 1st emotion associated with a specific brain structure?

A

Rage

32
Q

What does Anger require in order to be expressed?

A

Dopamine acting at D2 receptors

33
Q

What inhibits Anger?

A

Neocortex
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
Septal nuclei

34
Q

What is “avoidance” ?

A

Emotion that prevents occurrence of behavior
w/ short term rewards
But
Long term NEGATIVE consequences

35
Q

What are the anatomical substrates involved in avoidance?

A

Lateral posterior hypothalamus

Dorsal midbrain

Entorhinal cortex

36
Q

What is the anatomical substrate for sadness?

When will it be strongly activated?

A

Lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex

When recalling sad events

37
Q

What is the anatomical substrate needed for disgust?

A

Insular cortex and putamen will process and recognizes social cues related to disgust

38
Q

What disease process could abolish processing and recognition of Disgust?

A

Huntington’s

affects striatum - caudate nucleus and putamen

39
Q

What is the anatomical substrate for surprise?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

40
Q

What is the parahippocampal gyrus important for?

A

Detecting novelty or unexpected events

Surprise

41
Q

What is the anterior cingulate cortex divided into?

A

Ventral = affective

Dorsal = cognitive

42
Q

What is the role of the

Anterior cingulate cortex in high order processing of emotion?

A

Integration of all visceral, attentional, and emotional input

Regulates affect, Controls emotional display
(Esp. Top down control)

Conflict detection b/w function state (the RN) and new info - only relays info, does not decide anything

43
Q

What regulates having a

Poker face vs. Crying?

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

44
Q

What are the 2 division of the prefrontal cortex related to higher order processing of emotion?

A

Dorsolateral

Ventromedial

45
Q

What does the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex receive input from?

A

Motor areas(basal ganglia, PreSMA, SMA)

Cingulate cortex (parts related to performance monitoring)

Cortical association areas

46
Q

What does the

Ventromedial Div. of the Prefrontal cortex

Receive input from?

A

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Temporal visual association areas

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (which got motor inputs, mostly)

47
Q

What is the role of the Ventromedial div. of the prefrontal cortex in higher order processing of emotion?

A

Reward processing

Gut feeling

Delayed gratification/Top Down Regulation

48
Q

Where does reward processing take place in the Ventromedial Div. of the Prefrontal cortex?

What does it do?

A

Orbitofrontal area

W/ amygdala, links new stimulus to primary reward

49
Q

What is the “gut feeling” provided by the Ventromedial division of the Prefrontal cortex?

A

Integration of bodily signals

Allows for decision when logical analysis is unable to help

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