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Pharmacology > Drugs Used in Pain and Inflammation > Flashcards

Drugs Used in Pain and Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Fludrocortisone

Hydrocortisone

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2
Q

Fludrocortisone - MOA

A

Mineralocorticoid.

Acts on electrolyte + H2O metabolism.

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3
Q

Fludrocortisone - Administration

A

Oral

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4
Q

Fludrocortisone - Therapeutic Use

A

Replaces aldosterone in adrenal insufficiency

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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5
Q

Fludrocortisone - Adverse Effects

A 
Na+ & H2O retention
Hypertension
Oedema
Headache
Hypokalemia
Muscle weakness & fatigue, Immunosuppression
Depression
Weight gain
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6
Q

Hydrocortisone - MOA

A

Glucocorticoid.
Anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressant. Metabolic effects [↑ gluconeogenesis, glycogen deposition, & protein / lipid / Ca2+ metabolism]

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7
Q

Hydrocortisone - Administration

A

Oral
IV
Topical

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8
Q

Hydrocortisone - Therapeutic Use

A

Severe allergic reactions
Eczema
Gout

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9
Q

Hydrocortisone - Adverse Effects

A

Dryness

Itching

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10
Q

Leukotrine Antagonists

A

Zileuton

Mintelukast

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11
Q

Zileuton - MOA

A 
Active inhibitor of 5-LOX enzyme. 
Results in inhibition of:
1. LTB4
2.LTC4
3. LTD4
4. LTE4
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12
Q

Zileuton - Administration

A

Oral

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13
Q

Zileuton - Therapeutic Use

A

Asthma

Allergies (allergic rhinitis)

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14
Q

Zileuton - Adverse Effects

A

Sinusitis

Nausea

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15
Q

Mintelukast - MOA

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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16
Q

Mintelukast - Administration

A

Oral

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17
Q

Mintelukast - Therapeutic Use

A

Asthma

Allergies (allergic rhinitis)

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18
Q

Mintelukast - Adverse Effects

A 
GIT disturbances
Headaches,
Hypersensitivity
Sleep disorders
↑ bleeding
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19
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories

A 
Aspirin
Diclophenac 
Indomethacin
Piroxicam
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Mefenamic Acid
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20
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories - MOA

A

Competitive, reversible COX I + II inhibition.

Inhibits thromboxane production

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21
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories - Kinetics

A

Oral
Rectal
IV
IM

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22
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories - Therapeutic Use

A

Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-pyretic

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23
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories - Adverse Effects

A

Related to PG Inhibition:

  • GIT effects (ulceration, perforation, bleeding),
  • Inhibit platelet aggregation resulting in ↑ bleeding time
  • Renal vasoconstriction leading to ischemia (nephrotoxicity)
  • Prolonged gestation/bleeding in pregnancy

Unrelated to PG inhibition:

  • Tinnitus
  • Hypersensitivity (rash, bronchospasm)
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24
Q

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories - D/I

A

Anti-coagulants
Anti-hypertensives
Lithium.

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25
Q

Aspirin - MOA

A

Irreversibly acetylates COX I and II

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26
Q

Aspirin - Kinetics

A

Absorption: Rapid - stomach & small intestine
Biotransformation: Liver (glycine conjugation)
Excreted: Urine (alkalinity increases)

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27
Q

Aspirin - Therapeutic Use

A

Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-pyretic
In v. low doses: prevent MI/Strokes etc

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28
Q

Aspirin - Adverse Effects

A

GIT distress

Renal dysfunction

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29
Q

Aspirin - C/I

A

Children

Pregnancy

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30
Q

Paracetamol - MOA

A

Reversible, non-competitive inhibition of COX I + II (in brain)

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31
Q

Paracetamol - Kinetics

A

Rapid absorption

Hepatic conjugation

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32
Q

Paracetamol - Therapeutic Use

A

Analgesic

Antipyretic

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33
Q

Paracetamol - Adverse Effects

A

Mild to non-existent.
Skin rash
Allergic reactions.
Acute overdose - hepatic necrosis

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34
Q

Paracetamol - C/I

A

Hepatic damage

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35
Q

Paracetamol - Administration

A

Oral
IV
Rectal

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36
Q

Celecoxib/Etoricoxib - MOA

A

Cox II selective inhibitor

37
Q

Celecoxib/Etoricoxib - Administration

A

Oral

38
Q

Celecoxib/Etoricoxib - Therapeutic Uses

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Acute pain
Menstrual pain

39
Q

Celecoxib/Etoricoxib - Adverse Effects

A 
MI
Stroke
Renal vasoconstriction
Change in BP
↓GFR
40
Q

Celecoxib/Etoricoxib - C/I

A

Sulfonamide sensitivity

41
Q

Opioids - Drugs

A

Codeine

Morphine

42
Q

Opioids - MOA

A

Opioid receptor agonist.

Mimics effect of natural endorphins

43
Q

Opioids - Administration

A 
Oral
Intrathecal
SC
IM
IV
44
Q

Opioids - Therapeutic Use

A

Analgesic
Antitussive
Anti-diarrhoea

45
Q

Opioids - Adverse Effects

A 
Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Sedation
Nausea & vomiting
Constipation
46
Q

Histamine Inhibitors

A

Histamine 1 receptor antagonist (Loratadine)

Xanthines (Theophylline)

47
Q

Loratadine - MOA

A

Competitively block receptor-mediated response of target tissue.
Does not influence histamine formation or release

48
Q

Loratadine - Administration

A 
Oral
Rectal
IV
IM 
Topical
49
Q

Loratadine - Therapeutic Use

A

Allergies

Asthma

50
Q

Loratadine - Adverse Effects

A 
Confusion
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Respiratory depression
Constipation
51
Q

Theophylline - MOA

A

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (inflam. cells)

Decreases pulmonary eosinophils

52
Q

Theophylline - Therapeutic Use

A

COPD

Asthma

53
Q

Theophylline - Adverse Effect

A 
Nausea
Diarrhoea
↑ HR
Arrhythmias
CNS excitation
54
Q

Theophylline - Administration

A

Oral

IV

55
Q

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid agents

A

Methotrexate
D-Penicillamine
Sulfasalazine

56
Q

Methotrexate - MOA

A

Block several immune-related enzymes
∴ affects actively growing cells.
Causes immune suppression

57
Q

Methotrexate - Administration

A

Oral

IV

58
Q

Methotrexate - Adverse Effects

A

Nausea

Vomitting

59
Q

Methotrexate - Therapeutic Use

A

↓pain & swelling of arthritis
↓damage to joints
↓long term disability

60
Q

D-Penicillamine - MOA

A 
↓ T-cells
↓ Macrophage function
↓ IL1
↓ Rheumatoid factor 
↓ Collagen cross-linking
61
Q

D-Penicillamine - Administration

A

Oral

62
Q

D-Penicillamine - Therapeutic Use

A

Immunosuppression

Rheumatoid Arthritis

63
Q

D-Penicillamine - Adverse Effects

A

Glomerulonephritis

Myasthenic syndrome

64
Q

Sulfasalazine - MOA

A

↓ Synthesis of inflammatory mediators

65
Q

Sulfasalazine - Administration

A

Oral

66
Q

Sulfasalazine - Therapeutic Use

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis

67
Q

Sulfasalazine - Adverse Effects

A

Depression

Infertility

68
Q

Gout Treatment

A

Colchichine
Allopurinol
Probenecid

69
Q

Colchichine - MOA

A

Mitotic poison

70
Q

Colchichine - Administration

A

Oral

71
Q

Colchichine - Therapeutic Use

A

Gout

72
Q

Colchichine - Adverse Effects

A

GIT effects

Neutropenia

73
Q

Allopurinol - MOA

A

Inhibits xanthine oxidase

74
Q

Allopurinol - Administration

A

Oral

75
Q

Allopurinol - Therapeutic Use

A

Gout (over-secretors)

76
Q

Allopurinol - Adverse Effects

A

Skin Rash
Eosinophillia
Hepatitis

77
Q

Probenecid - MOA

A

Interferes with kidney’s organic anion transporter

78
Q

Probenecid - Administration

A

Oral

79
Q

Probenecid - Adverse Effects

A

Increases serum levels of some antimicrobials

80
Q

Probenecid - Therapeutic use

A

Gout (under-secretors)

81
Q

Anesthetics

A

Nitrous Oxide

Lignocaine/Procaine

82
Q

Nitrous Oxide - MOA

A

Neuromuscular blocker

83
Q

Nitrous Oxide - Administration

A

Inhaled

84
Q

Nitrous Oxide - Therapeutic Use

A

Pain suppressant

General anesthetic

85
Q

Nitrous Oxide - Adverse Effects

A

Neurotoxicity

86
Q

Lignocaine/Procaine - MOA

A

Reversibly block impulse cond. along axons

Prevents Na+ conduction (no APs)

87
Q

Lignocaine/Procaine - Administration

A

IV
SC
Topical

88
Q

Lignocaine/Procaine - Therapeutic Use

A

Local anesthetic

89
Q

Lignocaine/Procaine - Adverse Effects

A

Rare (excessive exposure causes CNS & CVS effects)

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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