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Pharmacology > Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Quinolones: Drug

A

Nalidixic Acid

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2
Q

Quinolones: Spectrum

A

UTIs

Gram +ve - resistant

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3
Q

Quinolones: Adverse Effects

A

Photosensitivity

Visual Disturbances

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4
Q

Fluoroquinolones: Drugs

A

Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Ofloxacin

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones: MOA

A

Bactericidal
Inhibit Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) ∴ preventing relaxation of +ve supercoiled DNA and cutting & joining action on DNA double helix

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6
Q

Ciprofloxin Spectrum

A

Strong against Gram -ve (Enterobacteriaceae, P.aeruginosa, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Legionelle) and weak against Gram +ve (Streptococci, Pneumococci)
Mycobacteria - UTI
Pseudomonas associated with systic fibrosis
Gonorrhoea

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7
Q

Fluoroquinolones: General Spectrum

A

Piperazine ring - Gram -ve bacilli and P.aeruginosa

Fluoride ion - Gram +ve

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8
Q

Moxifloxacin Spectrum

A

Gram +ve
M. tuberculosis
Not active against Pseudomonas.
Reserved for ß-lactam allergy.

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9
Q

Ofloxacin Spectrum

A

Prostatitis

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10
Q

Norfloxacin Spectrum

A

UTIs

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11
Q

Fluoroquinolones: Adverse Effects

A

GIT disturbances
CNS Toxicity (drowsiness&headache)
Phototoxic
Excess: Crystalluria

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12
Q

Fluoroquinolones: Contra-Indications

A 
No under 18s
Epileptics (agents are GABA antagonists and can cause seizures)
Hepatic Failure (inhibits CYT P450)
Pregnancy or Lactation 
Elderly
Renal Failure
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13
Q

Fluoroquinolones: Drug Interactions

A

Antacids decrease absorption

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14
Q

Fluoroquinolones: Administration

A

IV

Oral (on empty stomach)

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15
Q

Nitrofurantoin: MOA

A

Bacteriostatic

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16
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Kinetics

A

Drug reduced by bacteria to active compound

17
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Spectrum

A

E.Coli
Some Gram +ve
UTIs

18
Q

Nitrofurantoin: Adverse Effects

A

Hypersensitivity
GIT disturbances
Headaches
Dizziness

19
Q

5-Nitromindazoles: Drugs

A

Metronidazole

Tinidazole

20
Q

Metronidazole: Spectrum

A

Anaerobic bacteria ONLY
Antiprotazoal (Trichomaniasis)
Giardiasis
Helicobacter pylori

21
Q

Metronidazole: MOA

A 
Bactericidal. 
Selective toxicity (due to reactions btw reactive intermediates & macromolecules)
Result: Alteration of DNA helix & breaking of DNA chain
22
Q

Metronidazole: Kinetics

A

Metabolised by liver.
10 – 20% excreted unaltered in urine.
Impaired liver fxn will ↓ plasma clearance

23
Q

Metronidazole: Administration

A

Oral
Rectal
IV
Topical

24
Q

Metronidazole: Adverse Effects

A 
Nausea
Headache
Metallic taste & dry mouth
Inhibits alcohol metabolism
Peripheral Neuropathy
25
Q

Metronidazole: Contra-Indications

A 
Alcohol
Porphyria
Epilepsy
1st trimester pregnancy
Impaired hepatic function
26
Q

Metronidazole: Drug Interactions

A 
Cimetidine (↓ metab)
phenobarbitone (↑ metab)
phenytoin (↑ plasma levels)
warfarin
alcohol
lithium

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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