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Pharmacology > Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Tetracyclines - Drugs

A

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline

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2
Q

Tetracyclines - MOA

A

Bacteriostatic

Bind to 30S subunit (binding is reversible)

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3
Q

Tetracyclines - Kinetics

A 
GIT absorption = variable 
Excreted via bile (in faeces)
Absorption decreased by: 
1. Calcium
2. Magnesium
3. Iron preparations (forms chelates)
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4
Q

Tetracyclines - Spectrum

A 
Broad spectrum
Acne vulgaris
Chronic bronchitis
Chlamydia
Cholera
Rickettsia
(NB: strepto and staphlococci, pseudomonas and proteus are resistant)
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5
Q

Tetracyclines - Adverse Effects

A 
GIT disturbances (flatulence, cramping)
Disruption of normal gut flora (candida)
Pseudomembranous colitis
Photosensitivity
↓ efficacy of COCP
Binds to calcium in bones and teeth - orange tooth syndrome & retarding 
Overgrowth of C.albicans (thrush)
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6
Q

Tetracyclines - C/I

A 
Children under 8
Pregnancy
Lactation
Hepatic impairment
Porphyria
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7
Q

Tetracyclines - D/I

A

↓ Levels of doxycycline
↑ Intercranial pressure (vit a and retinoids)
COCP

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8
Q

Tetracyclines - Administration

A

Oral

Parenteral

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9
Q

Aminoglycosides - Drugs

A

Gentamycin
Streptomycin
Neomycin
Amikacin

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10
Q

Aminoglycosides - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Bind to 30S subunit
Interfere with ribosomal subunit
Post-antibiotic effect

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11
Q

Aminoglycosides - Kinetics

A

Half life: 2-3 hours
Weak penetration to CSF
70-90% excreted in urine
Prolonged post-antibiotic effect

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides - Spectrum

A 
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli.
Gram-positive aerobes.
Drug of choice for P.Aeruginosa
Mycobacterial infxns
Vibrio cholerae
Yersinia pestis
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13
Q

Aminoglycosides - Adverse Effects

A

V. Narrow therapeutic index
Ototoxic
Nephrotoxic
Neuromuscular paralysis (decreases Ach)

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14
Q

Aminoglycosides - C/I

A 
Elderly
Renal Insufficiency
Neonates
Pregnancy
Myasthenia gravis
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15
Q

Aminoglycosides - D/I

A

Penicillins (Coadministration of aminoglycosides with penicillin result in inactivation of the aminoglycoside)
Heparin (Heparin will also decrease the measured aminoglycoside blood levels.)
General anaesthetics
Oto/nephrotoxic agents (vancomycin/amphotericin)

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16
Q

Aminoglycosides - Administration

A

Oral (poor)

Intramuscular (good absorption)

17
Q

Macrolides - Drugs

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

18
Q

Macrolides - MOA

A

Bacteriostatic (Inhibits bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis)
Bind to the 50S subunit of the 70S ribosome
which causes dissociation of t-RNA

19
Q

Erythromycin - Spectrum

A 
RTIs caused by strepto/pneumococci
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Legionella
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
20
Q

Macrolides - Kinetics

A

Food alters absorption

Accumulates in macrophages

21
Q

Macrolides - Adverse Effects

A

Epigastric distress
Cholestatic jaundice
Ototoxicity

22
Q

Macrolides - C/I

A

Hepatic dysfunction (inhibits CYT P450)

23
Q

Macrolides - Administration

A

Oral

Parenteral

24
Q

Chloramphenicol - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds 50s ribosomal subunit
Inhibits peptidyl transferase

25
Q

Chloramphenicol - Kinetics

A

Half life: 1.5 - 4 hours
Liver metabolism
Excreted in urine

26
Q

Chloramphenicol - Spectrum

A

Broad spectrum
Bacterial meningitis
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma

27
Q

Arythromycin - Spectrum

A

RTIs caused by strepto/pneumococci
H. Influenzae
Legionella
Mycobacterium-Avium-Intracellulare

28
Q

Clarithromycin - Spectrum

A

RTIs caused by strepto/pneumococci
H. Influenzae
Legionella
Mycobacterium-Avium-Intracellulare

29
Q

Chloramphenicol - Adverse Effects

A

GIT disturbances

Grey Baby Syndrome (no glucoronidation)

30
Q

Chloramphenicol - D/I

A

Inactivated by acetyl co-enzyme

31
Q

Chloramphenicol - C/I

A

Hepatic dysfunction (inhibits CYT P450)

32
Q

Clindamycin - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds 50s ribosome
Prevents translocation of nascent peptide from acceptor site to peptidyl site

33
Q

Clindamycin - Spectrum

A

Anaerobic bacilli
Streptococci
Staphlococci
Gram +ve organisms

34
Q

Clindamycin - Adverse Effects

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (highest incid)
Diarrhoea
Skin rash

35
Q

Clindamycin - D/I

A

Potentiates neuromuscular blocking agents

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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