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Pharmacology > Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs - Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Penicillins - Drugs

A 
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)
Penicillin V
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2
Q

Antistaphlococcal Penicillins - Drugs

A

Cloxacillin

Flucloxacillin

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3
Q

Broad Spectrum Penicillins - Drugs

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Co-Amoxiclav (Amoxicillin&Clauvanic Acid)

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4
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillins - Drugs

A

Piperacillin

Carbenicillin

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5
Q

Gen 1 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Cefalexin

Cefadroxil

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6
Q

Gen 2 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Cefuroxime

Cefamandole

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7
Q

Gen 3 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Ceftriaxone

Cefotaxime

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8
Q

Gen 4 Cephalosporins - Drugs

A

Cefepime

Cefpirome

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9
Q

Carbapenems - Drugs

A

Imipenem

Meropenem

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10
Q

Monobactams

A

Azetronam

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11
Q

Penicillin G/V - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

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12
Q

Penicillin G - Spectrum

A

Strepto-/Pneumo-/Menigococcal infxns

Syphilis

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13
Q

Penicillin G/V - Adverse Effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
Cross Sensitivity
GIT disturbances 
Superinfections (neutropenia/granulocytosis)
Pseudomembranous colitis
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14
Q

Penicillin G/V - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

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15
Q

Penicillin G/V - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

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16
Q

Penicillin G - Kinetics

A

Acid Labile

Excreted via kidney unchanged

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17
Q

Penicillin V - Spectrum

A

Streptococcal tonsillitis

Minor infxns

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18
Q

Penicillin V - Kinetics

A

Acid Stable
Excreted via kidney unchanged
2-4X less potent than Pen.G

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19
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

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20
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - Kinetics

A

B-lactamase resistant
Acid Stable
Excreted via kidney unchanged
Less potent than Pen.G

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21
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - Spectrum

A

Mild betalactamase +ve staphlococcal infxns

Not often used alone

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22
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - Adverse Effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
Cross Sensitivity
GIT disturbances 
Superinfections
Pseudomembranous colitis
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23
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

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24
Q

(Flu)Cloxacillin - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

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25
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

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26
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - Kinetics

A

B-lactamase sensitive
Ampicillin - absorption decreased by food
Amoxicillin - absorption not decreased by food

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27
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - Spectrum

A

Gram +ve enterococci and listeria
Gram -ve bacilli (hydrophylic amino s.chain)
L. monocytogenes (amp)
RTIS (amp)
Prophylaxis for patients with abnormal heart valves (amo)

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28
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

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29
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

30
Q

Co-Amoxiclav - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Amoxicillin - Cell wall detruction
Clauvanic acid - inhibits B-lactamase enzymes

31
Q

Co-Amoxiclav - Spectrum

A

RTIs
Skin/Skin infrastruncture infxns
Bite wound infxns

32
Q

Co-Amoxiclav - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

33
Q

Co-Amoxiclav - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

34
Q

Piperacillin - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

35
Q

Piperacillin - Spectrum

A

Gram -ve bacilli excl. Klebsiella

Extended spectrum

36
Q

Piperacillin - Adverse effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
Cross Sensitivity
Fluid retention
GIT disturbances 
Superinfections
Pseudomembranous colitis
37
Q

Co-Amoxiclav - Adverse effects

A 
Hypersensitivity
Cross Sensitivity
GIT disturbances 
Superinfections
Pseudomembranous colitis
Seizures at high doses
38
Q

Piperacillin - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
↓ efficacy of COCP

39
Q

Piperacillin - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates
Elderly

40
Q

Meropenem/Imipenem - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

41
Q

Imipenem - Kinetics

A

Formulated with Cilastatin

42
Q

Meropenem/Imipenem - Spectrum

A

Broad spectrum

Severe nosocomial infxns

43
Q

Meropenem/Imipenem - Adverse Effects

A

GIT disturbances
Hypersensitivity
Seizures

44
Q

Meropenem/Imipenem - C/I

A

Epileptics (less seizures in meropenem)

45
Q

Meropenem - Kinetics

A

B-lactamase resistant
Penetrates meninges
More stable to renal inactivation

46
Q

Aztreonam - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

47
Q

Aztreonam - Kinetics

A

B-lactamase resistant

48
Q

Aztreonam - Spectrum

A

Gram -ve bacteria
Psudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacteriae species

49
Q

Aztreonam - Adverse effects

A

Hypersensitivity

Thrombophlebitis

50
Q

Aztreonam - D/I

A

None significant

51
Q

Vancomycin - MOA

A

Bactericidal

Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of peptidoglycan ∴ Prevents cross-linkages of pentaglycine chain & D-alanine

52
Q

Vancomycin - Spectrum

A

Methicillin-resistant staphlococci
Penicillin-resistant enterococci
Clostridium difficile

53
Q

Vancomycin - Adverse Effects

A

Reversible ototoxicity
Irreversible nephrotoxicity
Hypersensitivity

54
Q

Vancomycin - D/I

A

None are common

55
Q

Oral Administration (B-lactams)

A 
Penicillin V
Cloxacillin
Flucloxacillin 
Carbenicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Co-amoxiclav
56
Q

IV Administration (B-lactams)

A 
Penicillin G
Piperacillin
Piperacillin G + Tazobactam
Co-amoxiclav
Cloxacillin
Flucloxacillin 
Carbenicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
57
Q

IM Administration (B-lactams)

A 
Penicillin G
Piperacillin
Piperacillin G + Tazobactam
Cloxacillin
Flucloxacillin 
Carbenicillin
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
58
Q

Oral Administration (Cephalosporins)

A

Cefalexin
Cefadroxil
Cefuroxime

59
Q

IM Administration (Cephalosporins)

A

Cefuroxime
Cefepime
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime

60
Q

IV Administration (Cephalosporins)

A 
Cefuroxime
Cefamandole
Cefepime
Cefpirome
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
61
Q

IM Administration (Other)

A

Aztreonam

62
Q

IV Administration (Other)

A

Vancomycin
Imipenem
Meropenem
Aztreonam

63
Q

Cephalosporins - MOA

A

Bactericidal
Binds to penicillin binding proteins
Inhibits cross linkage of cell wall

64
Q

Cephalosporins - Kinetics

A 
Poor oral absorption
Distribute well into body fluids
No significant metabolism
Renal Excretion (except ceftriaxone - bile)
4th Gen - resistant to B-lactamases
65
Q

Cephalosporins - D/I

A

Benzathine/Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion ∴↑ serum levels and half life
Cefamandole causes alcohol intolerance
Aminoglycosides inactivate
↓ efficacy of COCP

66
Q

Cephalosporins - C/I

A

Pregnancy
Neonates (esp. ceftriaxone)
Elderly
↑Ca2+ - NO Ceftriaxone

67
Q

Gen 1 Cephalosporins - Spectrum

A 
Most effective against gram +ve
Strepto-/Staphylococci
Eschericha coli
Klebsiella pneuomina
Proteus mirabilis
68
Q

Gen 2 Cephalosporins - Spectrum

A

Eschericha coli
Klebsiella pneuomina
Proteus mirabilis
H. Influenzae

69
Q

Gen 3 Cephalosporins - Spectrum

A 
Pneumo-/gono-/meningococci
H. Influenzae
P. aeruginosa
Moraxella catarrhalis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Enterobacteria
70
Q

Gen 4 Cephalosporins - Spectrum

A 
Drug resistant gram -ve bacteria
Citrobacter.
Enterobacter.
Esp effective: P. aeruginosa
Treats Febrile Neutropenia
71
Q

Cephalosporins - Adverse effects

A 
Hypersensitivity (rash) 
GIT disturbances
Pseudomembranous colitis
Neurotoxcity (drug induced encephalopathy)
Super-infections
Nephrotoxicity

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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