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Pharmacology > Antibacterial Drugs - Antifolates > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs - Antifolates Flashcards

1
Q

Sulphonamindes - Drugs

A

Sodium Sulfacetamide
Silver Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole

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2
Q

Sulphonamindes - MOA

A

Bacteriostatic
Inhibit production of DNA, RNA and protein by acting as folate antagonists
Compete for dihydropteroate synthetase
Decrease dihydropteroic acid

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3
Q

Sulphonamindes - Kinetics

A

Good GIT absorbtion
Acetylated in liver
pH 2- 7

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4
Q

Sulfamethoxazole - Spectrum

A 
UTIs
Respiratory Infxns
Sinusitis 
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
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5
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine - Spectrum

A

Ulcerative colitis
Enteritis and enteric bacteria
IBD

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6
Q

Sulphonamindes - Spectrum

A

Both gram +ve and -ve

Broad spectrum

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7
Q

Sulphonamindes - Adverse Effects

A 
Rashes
Renal failure (low pH - crystalluria)
Blood dyscrasias
GIT (nausea, vomiting, anorexia)
Kernicterus (neonates)
Decreased efficacy of COCP
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8
Q

Sulphonamindes - C/I

A 
Neonates and Infants
Last trimester of pregancy
Porphyria
G6DP deficiency 
Allergy
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9
Q

Sulphonamindes - D/I

A

Oral anti-coagulants
Sulfonylureas
Phenytoin
Methotrexate (potentiates effects)

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10
Q

Sodium Sulfacetamide - Administration

A

Topical

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11
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine - Administration

A

Topical

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12
Q

Sulfamethoxazole - Administration

A

Oral administration

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13
Q

Trimethoprim - MOA

A

Bacteriostatic
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, preventing formation of tetrahydrofolate
NB: Affinity for bacterial enzyme = 50000 x > than human

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14
Q

Trimethoprim - Kinetics

A

Half life: 8 - 11 hours

Excreted unaltered by kidneys

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15
Q

Trimethoprim - Spectrum

A

Broad spectrum
UTIs
RTIs
Chronic Prostatitis

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16
Q

Trimethoprim - Adverse effects

A

Megoblastic anaemia
Leukopaenia
Granulocytosis

17
Q

Trimethoprim - Administration

A

Oral

18
Q

Co-trimoxazole =

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

19
Q

Co-trimoxazole - MOA

A

Bacteriostatic

Sequential blockade: Synergistic action of trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole

20
Q

Co-trimoxazole - Spectrum

A

Broader spectrum than sulphas

Severe RTIs - pneumonia etc

21
Q

Co-trimoxazole - Adverse Effects

A

Dermatologic hypersensitivity rxns
GIT disturbances (N,V & anorexia)
Haematological disturbances

22
Q

Co-trimoxazole - C/I

A

HIV/AIDs patients
Elderly (esp. on diuretics)
Anaemics

23
Q

Co-trimoxazole - D/I

A 
Digoxin (↑)
Thiazides (↑ risk of thrombocytopenia) 
COCP (↓ efficacy)
Phenytoin (inhibits metabolism)
Oral anti-diabetic agents (hypoglycaemia)
Pyrimethamine (megaloblastic anaemia)
Rifampicin (↓ levels = ↑ dose)
Warfarin
24
Q

Co-trimoxazole - Administration

A

Oral

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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