Drugs-Ophthalmic Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of drugs used to treat glaucoma by decreasing production of aqueous humor

A
  1. B-Blockers
    - lol
  2. CA Inhibitors
    - zolamide
  3. a2 Agonists
    - nidine
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2
Q

Classes of drugs used to treat glaucoma by increasing outflow of aqueous humor

A
    1. a2 Agonists
      - nidine
  1. PGF-2 Analogs
    - prost
  2. M3 Agonists
    - Carbachol
    - Pilocarpine
  3. AchE Inhibitors
    - Echothiophate
    - Physostigmine
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3
Q

MOA of Beta Blockers for Glaucoma

A

Block b-adrenergic receptors in Ciliary Body Epithelium to reduce production of aqueous fluid

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4
Q

B/c of its MoA, beta blockers should be used with caution in patients with

A
  1. asthma/copd

2. bradycardia/arrhythmias/hypotension

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5
Q

MOA of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for Glaucoma

A

Blocks the movement of Na+ and water into the eye

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6
Q

Toxicities of CA Inhibitors

A
Paresthesia
Ocular irritation 
Transiet myopia
Frequent urination
Metabolic acidosis
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7
Q

MOA of Alpha-2 Agonists for Glaucoma

A
  1. Dec. aqueous fluid production

2. Inc. rate of fluid outflow via uveoscleral outflow

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8
Q

Toxicities of a2 agonists

A

Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation)
Dizziness
Fatigue/Somnolence

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9
Q

Since a2 agonists of glaucoma act like clonidine (anti-hypertensive), they should be cautiously used in patients taking

A

other anti-hypertensives

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10
Q

Apraclonidine is a non-selective alpha adrenergic agonists so they have special toxicities such as

A

Mydriasis (pupil dilation) & Conjunctival Blanching (실핏줄)

Eyelid retraction (due to muller’s muscle contraction)

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11
Q

MOA of PGF-2 analogs

A

inc. rate of fluid outflow from the eye by inc. uveoscleral outflow

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12
Q

Toxicities of PGF-2 analogs

A
Uveitis
Macular Edema
Discoloration of iris
Longer eyelash
Reactivation of herpes Keratitis (eye infection)
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13
Q

Contraindication for using Prostaglandin Analogues for Glaucoma

A

Herpes Keratitis

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14
Q

Toxicities of M3 agonists and AchE inhibitors

A

anti-cholinergic effects

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15
Q

Classes of drugs that can induce MIOSIS (pupil constriction)

A
  1. M3 agonists (“CAR”)
    - Carbachol
    - Pilocarpine
  2. AchE Inhibitors
    - Echothiophate
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16
Q

Classes of drugs that can induce Mydriasis (pupil dilation)

A
  1. a1 agonists (NE)
    Phenylephrine
  2. M3 antagonists (“Trophy”)
    - Atropine
    - Tropicamide