Drugs-Ophthalmic Flashcards
Classes of drugs used to treat glaucoma by decreasing production of aqueous humor
- B-Blockers
- lol - CA Inhibitors
- zolamide - a2 Agonists
- nidine
Classes of drugs used to treat glaucoma by increasing outflow of aqueous humor
- a2 Agonists
- nidine
- a2 Agonists
- PGF-2 Analogs
- prost - M3 Agonists
- Carbachol
- Pilocarpine - AchE Inhibitors
- Echothiophate
- Physostigmine
MOA of Beta Blockers for Glaucoma
Block b-adrenergic receptors in Ciliary Body Epithelium to reduce production of aqueous fluid
B/c of its MoA, beta blockers should be used with caution in patients with
- asthma/copd
2. bradycardia/arrhythmias/hypotension
MOA of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for Glaucoma
Blocks the movement of Na+ and water into the eye
Toxicities of CA Inhibitors
Paresthesia Ocular irritation Transiet myopia Frequent urination Metabolic acidosis
MOA of Alpha-2 Agonists for Glaucoma
- Dec. aqueous fluid production
2. Inc. rate of fluid outflow via uveoscleral outflow
Toxicities of a2 agonists
Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation)
Dizziness
Fatigue/Somnolence
Since a2 agonists of glaucoma act like clonidine (anti-hypertensive), they should be cautiously used in patients taking
other anti-hypertensives
Apraclonidine is a non-selective alpha adrenergic agonists so they have special toxicities such as
Mydriasis (pupil dilation) & Conjunctival Blanching (실핏줄)
Eyelid retraction (due to muller’s muscle contraction)
MOA of PGF-2 analogs
inc. rate of fluid outflow from the eye by inc. uveoscleral outflow
Toxicities of PGF-2 analogs
Uveitis Macular Edema Discoloration of iris Longer eyelash Reactivation of herpes Keratitis (eye infection)
Contraindication for using Prostaglandin Analogues for Glaucoma
Herpes Keratitis
Toxicities of M3 agonists and AchE inhibitors
anti-cholinergic effects
Classes of drugs that can induce MIOSIS (pupil constriction)
- M3 agonists (“CAR”)
- Carbachol
- Pilocarpine - AchE Inhibitors
- Echothiophate