5. Aphasia & Apraxia Flashcards
The impaired articulation of words resulting from motor dysfunction of the vocal apparatus, lips, or tongue.
Dysarthria
Higher-order language deficit
Aphasia
What CNs are responsible for the articulation of speech?
- CN 5 (trigeminal)
- Muscles of jaw (masseter, pterygoid, temporalis) - CN 7 (facial)
- Muscles of face - CN 12 (hypoglossal)
- Tongue muscles
What nerve is responsible for respiration muscles (diaphragm/intercostal muscles) movement?
Phrenic nerve
What spinal segments give rise to the phrenic nerve?
C3,4,5
Arcuate fasciculus is considered what type of fibers since it connects two different areas within the same cerebral hemisphere?
Association Fibers
What is intact in transcortical aphasias?
Repetition
What is affected in transcortical mixed aphasia?
watershed areas surrounding broca’s, wernicke’s, and arcuate fasiculus.
difficulty performing targeted, voluntary movements despite an intact motor function and the willingness to perform the movement
apraxia (실행증)
impaired ability to perceive and respond to different types of stimuli coming from one side of the body usually due to a brain unilateral injury (most commonly strokes).
- ignored stimuli can be motor, sensory, and/or perceptual neglect
Hemineglect
Hemineglect is usually associated with _____ hemisphere (non-dominant side) resulting in neglect of the _____side; the lesion affects the contralateral side of the body
right; left
Hemineglect lesions are usually located in
right (non-dominant hemisphere) inferior parietal lobe
The right inferior parietal lobe is vascularized by
MCA
less severe than neglect; aware that the left side is there, but tends to ignore when presented with bilateral stimuli (simultaneous stimulation to both sides of the body); normal sensation when touching one side at a time
Extinction
Inability to interpret sensation
Ex:) prosopagnosia (facial blindness)
Agnosia
