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Neurology-Week 4 & 5 > 1. Seizures > Flashcards

1. Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

Transient loss of consciousness and postural tone due to brain hypo-perfusion; lasts ONLY SECONDS

A

Syncope

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2
Q

Cardiogenic causes of Syncope

A

MI
Arrhythmias
Valvular Outflow Obstruction

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3
Q

Orthostatic causes of Syncope

A 
Autonomic failure (spinal cord injury, diabetic neuropathy)
Volume depletion (dehydration, blood loss)
Medications (anti-hypertensives, antidepressants)
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4
Q

Vasovagal causes of Syncope

A

Micturition (urination)/Defecation/Cough
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
Noxious stimulus (blood, needles, gore, bad news, fear)

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5
Q

Most common cause of Syncope

A

Vasovagal (micturition, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, noxious stimulus, etc.)

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6
Q

Paroxysmal pathological discharge of neurons which results in a stereotypical behavior or sensation; it’s s a SYMPTOM

A

Seizure

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7
Q

CHRONIC condition of recurrent unprovoked epileptic seizures; is a DISEASE

A

Epilepsy

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8
Q

Continuous seizures for >5 minutes or 3+ seizures without complete recovery; EMERGENCY; high morbidity and mortality

A

Status Epilepticus

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9
Q

Syncope usually occurs in a _________________ position and is relieved with…

A

standing; lying down

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10
Q

Types of Focal Onset Seizures (2 types)

  • abnormal discharges start in one place with or w/o subsequently spreading
A
  1. Aware = simple partial seizure
    - motor or sensory
  2. Impaired Awareness =complex partial seizure
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11
Q

Types of Generalized Onset Seizures (5 types)

  • all the cortical neurons begin to have abnormal discharges simultaneously
A 
Absence
Tonic-Clonic
Atonic
Myoclonic
Infantile Spasms
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12
Q

Any Focal Onset seizure can secondarily Generalize (True or False)

A

True (i.e. Focal seizure evolving into a Tonic-Clonic seizure)

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13
Q

Common causes of Epilepsy

A 
Metabolic (glucose or electrolytes)
Toxins (prescription or illicit drugs)
Withdrawal (from alcohol, benzodiazepines)
Tumors
Infections
Genetic
Idiopathic
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14
Q

Type of seizure; MOST COMMON; only in small children; ONLY occur with fevers

A

Febrile Seizures

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15
Q

Type of seizure; occur in both children and adults; display a “staring” spell then immediately back to normal; EEG shows 3Hz spike and wave

A

Absence (Petit-Mal) Epilepsy

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16
Q

Very common form of epilepsy; arise from Hippocampus-Amygdala region; usually either

  1. focal awareness with sensory abnormalities (deja-vu, sense of fear, olfactory hallucinations)

OR

  1. focal impaired awareness without sensations and followed by staring and AMNESIA of event
A

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

17
Q

Gold standard for EPILEPSY Evaluation/Management

A

EEG

18
Q

Treatment for Epilepsy

A

Chronic anticonvulsants

Surgery (rarely)

19
Q

A primary generalized epilepsy that occurs in infants; sudden symmetric, synchronous spasms/movement (crunching of arms and legs); is associated with DEVELOPMENTAL REGRESSION

A

Infantile Spasms

20
Q

Tx for Infantile spasms

A

ACTH

21
Q

A primary generalized epilepsy that occurs in children; multiple types of seizures; is associated with DEVELOPMENTAL REGRESSION

A

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS)

22
Q

A primary generalized epilepsy that occurs in adolescents; triad of seizures (myoclonic, tonic-clonic, absence); NORMAL development

A

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

23
Q

Tx for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

A

Valproate, Lamotrigine

24
Q

SPECT scan shows postictal (period after epileptic seizure) hyperperfusion in what region in a patient with left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy?

A

Left amygdala

25
Q

Syncope/Seizure is generally related to Cardiac Output

A

Syncope

26
Q

Syncope/Seizure is generally related to Cerebral etiology

A

Seizure

27
Q

Syncope/Seizure can result in temporary focal symptoms like Todd’s paralysis (part of the body or one side of body paralysis)

A

Seizure

Neurology-Week 4 & 5 (14 decks)

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