Drugs List

Question 1

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 1

Generic names: Salbutamol (short-acting), Terbutaline (short-acting), Salmeterol (long-acting), Formoterol (long-acting

Mechanism: Stimulation of airway SM relaxation

Question 2

Anti-cholinergics

Answer 2

Generic names: Ipratropium (short-acting), Tiotropium (long-acting)

Mechanism: Blockade of cholinergic activity in airway SM leading to muscle relaxation

Question 3

Methylxanthines

Answer 3

Generic names: Theophylline, Aminophylline

Mechanism: Inhibition of PDE increasing cellular cAMP

Question 4

Glucocorticoids

Answer 4

Generic names: Beclomethasone, Prednisolone, Fluticasone, Hydrocortisone

Mechanism: Activation of glucocorticoid receptors in immune cells reducing airway inflammation

Question 5

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

Answer 5

Generic names: Montelukast, Zafirlukast

Mechanism: Blockade of proinflammatory leukotriene signalling

Question 6

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Answer 6

Generic names: Ramipril

Mechanism: Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II reducing vasoconstriction

Question 7

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Answer 7

Generic names: Losartan, Valsartan

Mechanism: Blockade of cell signalling induced by angiotensin II

Question 8

Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta-blockers)

Answer 8

Generic names: Bisoprolol, Atenolol (cardioselective B1 antagonist), Propanolol (B1 + B2 antagonist)

Mechanism: Blockade of B-adrenergic receptors on cardiomyocytes reducing inotropy + chronotropy

Question 9

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)

Answer 9

Generic names: Atorvastatin, Simvastatin

Mechanism: Inhibition of mavelonate metabolism in cholesterol synthesis pathway

Question 10

Calcium channel antagonists (for heart failure and hypertension)

Answer 10

Generic names: Nifedipine, Amlodipine

Mechanism: Blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels promoting vasodilation

Question 11

Nitrate vasodilators

Answer 11

Generic names: Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN), Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN)

Mechanism: Release of NO relaxing vascular smooth muscle

Question 12

Anti-cholinergic (for emergency bradycardia treatment)

Answer 12

Generic names: Atropine

Mechanism: Blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors

Question 13

Sympathomimetics

Answer 13

Generic names: NA (alpha), Dobutamine (beta), A (alpha + beta)

Mechanism: Stimulation of cardiac inotropy + chronotropy

Question 14

Neprilysin inhibitors (used with ARB drug)

Answer 14

Generic names: Sacubitril (with Valsartan)

Mechanism: Inhibition of NP breakdown

Question 15

Antiplatelet drugs

Answer 15

Generic names: Aspirin, Clopidogrel

Mechanism: Inhibition of thromboxane A2 production (Aspirin) + blockade of platelet ADP receptors (Clopidogrel)

Question 16

Anticoagulants

Answer 16

Generic names: Warfarin, unfractionated Heparins, low MW Heparins, Dabigatran

Mechanism: Inhibition of clotting factor synthesis (Warfarin), enhances action of antithrombin III (Heparin) + direct inhibition of thrombin (Dabigatran)

Question 17

Thrombolytics

Answer 17

Generic names: Alteplase, Streptokinase, Urokinase

Mechanism: Digestion of fibrin in thrombi to restore blood flow