drugs in sport Flashcards
drugs and doping
substances used to improve/ change human performance
- on banned list = usually PED’s
legal supplements
- caffeine
- protein shake
- creatine
- bicarbonate
- carbohydrate gels
creatine
improves recovery of ATP/PC energy system
caffeine
- helps athletes train harder + longer
- clearer thinking and greater concentration
bicarbonate (soda loading)
may help to buffer the effects of lactic acid
protein shake
recovery formulas to speed up recovery an/ or make it more effective e.g. muscle growth
carbohydrate gels
aid energy replenishment (powders/ gels, sports drinks, energy bars)
illegal drugs in sport
- anabolic steroids
- hGh (human growth hormone)
- beta blockers
- EPO (erythropoietin)
- blood doping
- diuretics
anabolic steroids
- stimulates muscle growth
- increased aggression
- increases recovery and repair
- generally used for power
hGh
- increases bone, muscle and cartilage growth
- occurs naturally in the body
- improved power + strength
beta blockers
- controls the heart rate = calms nerves, steadies heartbeat
- used for fine motor skills, steady hand
EPO
- stimulates the production of new red blood cells = increases O2 carrying capacity
- improves endurance
- by taking synthetic version of hormone
blood doping
- removing blood from the body temporarily = held in storage
- stimulates creation of new blood cells
- blood is re-transfused before the sporting event
= increases red blood cell count
= increased O2 carrying capacity
= improved endurance
diuretics
- rapid weight loss by increasing the amount of water lost from the body through urine
- also can be used as a masking agent to help either flush illegal drugs out the system or dilute them before drug testing
reasons for using illegal drugs
- pressure to perform well
- easier than putting in the work
- expectations of supporters, coaches, society for you to perform at a higher level
- to keep up with other competitors using illegal drugs
- appeal of financial reward for success
- future earning capacity
consequences of using drugs on society
- reduces the number of role models
- moral and ethics are not promoted
- increased drug use if it becomes normalised in elite sport
- increased health costs for society
+ enable more effective drug testing processes to be developed in response to new drugs being created
consequences of using drugs on performer
- loss of revenue through retracted sponsorship deals
- negative reputation gained
- fines or bans imposed
- negative press/ public opinion can cause psychological problems
- medals can be stripped
- health complications can arise
+ improved performance, increases the chance of winning and gaining an unfair advantage
consequences of using drugs on sport
- negative press can impact the reputation of the sport
- a culture of drug use can develop if the most successful athletes in a sport are using drugs
- the commercial revenue of a sport can be reduced if it becomes less popular due to drug use
- lowered participation
- challenges the concept of fair play in sport
- lowered public support = people choose to not watch the sport/ put money into the sport due to negative image surrounding it
- false records/ results are a possibility cus the drugs give an unfair advantage to a performer, and are not always caught
strategies to stop drug use/ doping
- improved testing = stricter, random, more regular testing + out of season testing
- education important = explain the consequences of drug use on the health of the athlete + consequences on sport
- stricter punishments e..g life bans, loss of sponsors/ prize money/ medals
- use of role models to encourage drug free sport, ‘name and shame’ cheats
- research and increased funding on newer drug direction methods
