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A2 - socio-cultural issues in sport > commercialisation and the media > Flashcards

commercialisation and the media Flashcards

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1
Q

what is commercialisation?

A
  • using sport to make a profit
    e.g. through ticket sales, sponsorship deals, selling media
    rights, pay per view, merchandise, advertising etc..
    = sport is a commodity
  • through the golden triangle (sport, media, sponsors)
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2
Q

what makes a sport commercial?

A
  • increased media coverage
    = its everywhere, tv, internet etc..
  • greater ability to travel
    = performers + spectators
  • greater advertising
    = adverts everywhere, billboards, tv
  • more sponsorship
    = shirt sponsors, sleeve sponsors, stadium sponsors
  • designated sports channels
    = e.g. BT sports, Sky sports, 5 Live
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3
Q

what factors have led to the commercialisation of sport?

A
  • increased media presence in sport
  • greater exposure to a variety of sport
  • increased advertising in sport
  • increase in sponsorship of athletes/ teams aided professionalism
  • relationship of the golden triangle
  • rise of dedicated TV/ radio channels to sport
  • freedom of movement
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4
Q

increased media presence in sport = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • more people spectating sport, therefore lather market to make profit from
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5
Q

greater exposure to a variety of sport = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • increases market as hits more people’s interests
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6
Q

increased advertising in sport = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • brings money through advertising deals
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7
Q

increase in sponsorship of athletes/ teams aided professionalism = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • more money available for teams to quit day job
  • better equipment + facilities
  • lead to higher standard of play
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8
Q

relationship of the golden triangle = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • sport, media and sponsorship increasingly rely on each other
  • creates commercial structure + sport as a commodity
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9
Q

rise of dedicated TV/ radio channels to sport = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • increased opportunity to sell media rights
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10
Q

freedom of movement = factor leading to commercialisation

A
  • performers + spectators can now travel worldwide to watch and play sport
  • makes the market for commercialisation huge
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11
Q

changes to the media - led to commercialisation of sport

A
  • shift from newspapers + radio to internet + social media
  • designated sports channels
    e.g. Sky sports, BT sport, red button for Olympics to switch to different sports
  • pay per view subscriptions
    e.g. for boxing, one-time pay - Fury vs Wilder III
  • less sexist media coverage
    e.g. greater gender representation - more female sports being shown
  • more variety of sports being shown including disability sport
    e.g. paralympics, minority sports
  • sports stars now celebrities
    e.g. Beckham
  • more global sports being seen domestically now
    e.g. NBA, IPL, NFL, Big Bash
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12
Q

positive impact of commercialisation on society

A
  • increase in entertainment quality, keeping society happy
  • increase in access to spectating sport = can share in celebration of success
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13
Q

negative impact of commercialisation on society

A
  • loss of tradition as it changes sport, which people don’t like
  • people tend to spectate rather than participate so may increase spectatorship rather than participation
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14
Q

positive impact of commercialisation on sport

A
  • increase funding to the sport
  • increase in media coverage to that sport = increase in participation, spectatorship, interest, exposure for the sport
  • facilitated globalisation = so sport can grow
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15
Q

negative impact of commercialisation on sport

A
  • loss of tradition with the changes of rules, timings, new formats etc..
  • loss of control of as the media can dictate things e.g. start times, any interviews/ publicity players need to do
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16
Q

positive impact of commercialisation on performers

A
  • increased income/ higher wages
  • increase in status/ popularity
  • allows professionalism (sport full-time job)
  • improve standard of play
  • receive latest equipment/ kit free of charge
  • access to better quality facilities
  • can fund accommodation + travel
17
Q

negative impact of commercialisation on performers

A
  • pressure to do well to keep sponsors
  • win at all costs ethos, may cause deviance = drugs, violence, gambling
  • loss of control (e.g. forced to play through injury, forced to wear certain kit)
  • ethics in representing sponsors that aren’t ethically correct (e.g. alcohol + betting companies)
18
Q

positive impact of commercialisation on spectators

A
  • increased access to sport (24/7)
  • increase in media coverage (type and range)
  • better media coverage e.g. instant replay, highlights, different angles, replays, technology used in sport etc..)
  • improved stadia through investment
  • more competitions - e.g. new formats, greater access to sport
  • more entertaining at home = through technology
  • greater spectacle e.g. fireworks, light shows, music as players come out etc..
19
Q

negative impact of commercialisation on spectators

A
  • can be 2nd place to sport including adverts they are not particularly interested in, want to see more sport rather than an advert every minute
  • break in play, less flow, mores top start play when watching live = e.g. stopping for VAR, replays etc..
  • may not agree with sponsors ethics e.g. betting
  • TV subscriptions may be too expensive for some people = disadvantage, may lose out on some sports
  • viewing experience better at home than in stadium
20
Q

ADD to previous flashcards using slide 10 from powerpoint

A
21
Q

how has the coverage of sport changed since the 1960’s

A

TV –> Radio –> Written press –> Internet

22
Q

TV - coverage of sport

A
  • Terrestrial television
  • Satellite television
  • Pay-per-view TV
23
Q

terrestrial tv

A
  • free to view as long as TV license fee has been paid
  • ensures that everyone has some access to sporting events
  • but limited and in decline
  • so some major sporting events e.g. Olympics are ring fenced, meaning they have to shown on a terrestrial service
24
Q

satellite tv

A
  • requires a subscription fee to be paid in order to access the content provided
  • usually offer access to more sporting events
    = reduces the number of viewers as not everyone can afford it
25
Q

pay-per-view tv

A
  • requires a one-off payment in order to watch a particular sporting event
  • further reduces the number of people who can watch sporting events
  • but creates large revenues for organisers, media companies + athletes
26
Q

TV evolution

A

terrestrial –> protected events –> satellite/ cable subscription –> pay per view events

terrestrial = free to air, sport was not constantly available e.g. Sunday afternoon football

protected events = have to be covered by free to air channels e.g. Wimbledon

satellite or cable = constant access to sport, but have to pay to access

pay-per-view events = pay additional one off fee to watch e.g. boxing

26
Q

TV evolution

A

terrestrial –> protected events –> satellite/ cable subscription –> pay per view events

terrestrial = free to air, sport was not constantly available e.g. Sunday afternoon football

protected events = have to be covered by free to air channels e.g. Wimbledon

satellite or cable = constant access to sport, but have to pay to access

pay-per-view events = pay additional one off fee to watch e.g. boxing

27
Q

radio

A
  • sporting coverage on the radio is still popular
  • radio coverage is free
    = everyone can access sporting events which may not be available on free-to-access TV
  • national radio stations cover the major sporting events
  • local stations will provide sport within the local area
    = allows athletes + teams to receive a level of coverage that they would very rarely receive from the national providers
  • but now there are dedicated sports channels which allow 24 hour coverage, discussion + analysis of sporting events

e.g. talkSPORT, BBC radio 5 live Sports Extra

28
Q

written press

A
  • newspapers provide coverage of sporting events across their back pages + occasionally on the front page
  • match reports, analysis of games, transfer speculations, gossip
  • dedicated magazines are able to provide more in depth reporting with detailed analysis + interviews with athletes
  • allow fans to closely follow the sport = increase interest + participation if also aimed at kids
29
Q

radio evolution

A

local + national –> dedicated radio channels –> DAB radio

local + national = occasional mentions of sports broadcasting

dedicated = sport is the only topic e.g. talksport

DAB = offers variety and means can access stations that are not local

30
Q

Written press evolution

A

Newspapers —> magazines

31
Q

Internet evolution

A

Websites —> YouTube —> social media —> live streaming/ on demand

32
Q

Positives of media coverage

A

Positives (+)

*Media increases commercialism/golden triangle, meaning more money is available to sport
*Increases participation but…
*Sport is now globalised/sports from around the world can now be viewed anywhere at any time
*Increase in standards of play because it’s allowed professionalism in sport
*Players able to earn high salaries
*Increased spectatorism through watching at home
*Creation of role models
*Increased profile of minority sports
*Increased technology, meaning fairer results
*New rules/versions of sports = exciting to watch
*Educate/inform about sport

33
Q

Negatives of media coverage

A

Negatives (-)

*Media demands control of sports/performers
*Can cause deviant behaviour e.g. drug taking – win at all costs
*More people spectating rather than participating
*Loss of privacy/intrusion of media for sports stars
*Media highlights issues during and outside the game which reflect badly on the sport – Yorkshire racism e.g.
*Biased towards male/able-bodied sport e.g. football
*Negative role modelling that young athletes may copy
*New rules and versions go against tradition
*Increased officiating technology has slowed the game

A2 - socio-cultural issues in sport (9 decks)

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