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Baloney > Drugs - Immunology > Flashcards

Drugs - Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Cephalexin

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2
Q

Penicillin class and indications?

A

Beta-Lactam – Bactericidal → inhibits cell wall synthesis

Gram (+) bacteria → Streptococcoal infections of URT (Scarlet fever) - - Pneumococcal infections of respiratory tract (including Otitis media) - - Staphylococcal infections (mild infxn skin and soft tissue – culture and sensitivity tests should be performed
First or second line agent for Gram (+) aerobic bacilli → Bacillus anthracis, Cornyebacterium diptheria
Limited use for Gram (-) organisms – may be able to treat Neisseria meningitides (Meningococcal dz)

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3
Q

Penicillin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

3

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4
Q

Amoxicillin class and indications?

A

Beta-Lactam – Bactericidal → inhibits cell wall synthesis
Broad spectrum penicillin

Strep throat - - Sinusitis - - Pneumonia - - UTI - - Chlamydia
Ear, Nose, Throat infxn - - Genitourinary tract - - Skin structure - - Gonorrhea
Lower Resp Tract w/ susceptible beta-lactamase negative strains of Streptococcus spp (a and b-hemolytic strains only). Acute, uncomplicated gonorrhea (ano-genital and urethral infxn) d/t Neisseria gonorrhea in both M+F

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5
Q

Amoxicillin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

5

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6
Q

Cephalexin class and indications?

A

Beta-Lactam – 1st generation Cephalosporin → inhibits cell wall synthesis

Strep throat – URTI infxn caused by S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes
Otitis media caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus and S. pyogenes
Skin and skin structure infxn caused by S. aureus and/or S. pyogenes
Bone infection caused by S. aureus and/or Proteus mirabilis
Acute prostatitis, other genitourinary infxn caused by E coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia

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7
Q

Cephalexin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

7

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8
Q

Pencillin alternatives

A

Clindamycin
Clarithromycin
Nitrofurantoin
Doxycycline

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9
Q

Clindamycin class and indications?

A

Lincosamide → bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor
Penicillin alternative

MRSA
Topical therapy for acne vulgaris.
Used if patient is allergic to penicillin for Gram (+) infections of Streptococci, Staphylococci, other Gram (+) organisms

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10
Q

Clindamycin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

0

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11
Q

Clarithromycin class and indications?

A

Penicillin alternative

Strep throat - - Pneumonia - - H. pylori in Duodenal Ulcers - - Skin infxn - - Bartonella (Cat Scratch) - - Cryptosporidiosis - - Penicillin alternative in Strep Throat and Bacterial Endocarditis
Second line → Lyme Dz - - Toxoplasmosis

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12
Q

Clarithromycin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

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13
Q

Ciprofloxacin class and indications?

A

Fluoroquinolone → Broad spectrum nucleic acid inhibitor that prevents DNA unwinding

X FOR ANTHRAX
Diverticulitis - - Urinary tract - - Prostate - - Intra-abdominal (w/ Metronidazole)
Bone or joint and skin infections - - Inhalational anthrax - - Infectious diarrhea - - Otitis media - - Chronic sinusitis - - Chlamydia - - Gonorrhea
Cipro is broad spectrum abx prescribed during lag time waiting for culture and sensitivity - - when results are in, prescribe specific abx

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14
Q

Ciprofloxacin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

4

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15
Q

Nitrofurantoin class and indications?

A

Macrobid - - 5-nitrofuran derivative

Kills E. coli in UTI
Urinary Tract Infections – acute, uncomplicated UTIs. Interferes w/ cell metabolism and cell wall synthesis. Bactericidal to most gram (+) and gram (-) urinary pathogens.

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16
Q

Nitrofurantoin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

6

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17
Q

Doxycycline class and indications?

A

Tetracycline antibiotic – broad spectrum bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor. Penicillin alternative

Acne - - Lyme Disease (Borrelia bergdorferi infxn) - - Mycoplasma pneumonia - - Chlamydia
Gonorrhea and Syphilis if Penicillin allergy - - Cholera - - Rickettsia (ie Typhus, no relation to Rickets)

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18
Q

Doxycycline interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

8

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19
Q

Azithromycin class and indications?

A

Macrolide antibiotic – protein synthesis inhibitor

Diarrhea, Legionella (Legionnaire’s Dz aka Atypical Pneumonia) - - Chlamydia urethritis - - Chancroid
URTI (Otitis media, Sinusitis) d/t Streptococci, Pneumococci, H. influenzae - - Mycobacterium avium

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20
Q

Azithromycin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

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21
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole class and indications?

A

Sulfonamide antibiotic – Folate antagonist

Urinary tract infection - - Otitis media - - Chlamydial inxn - - Shigella enteritis - - Pneumonia from Pneumocystis jiroveci / carinii (HIV opportunistic pneumonia)

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22
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

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23
Q

Mupirocin class and indications?

A

Topical antibiotic – Protein synthesis inhibitor

Impetigo d/t Staphylococci - - Streptococci - - eradication of nasal colonization w/ S. aureus
Infected traumatic skin lesions

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24
Q

Mupirocin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

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25
Q

Triple antibiotic class and indications?

A

Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bactiracin - - Minor cuts, scrapes, burns

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26
Q

Triple antibiotic interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

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27
Q

Antivirals

A 
Amantadine
Oseltamivir
Acyclovir
Adefovir
Valacyclovir
Zidovudine
Interferon-alpha
Interferon-beta
28
Q

Anticholinergic antivirals

A

Amantadine

29
Q

Amantadine class and indications?

A

Anti-cholinergic anti-viral, anti-parkinsonian

Influenza A treatment and prophylaxis - - Herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients
Parkinson’s Dz → weak dopamine agonist, antimuscarinic – alters dopamine release/reuptake
“A man has a touch of Parkinson’s”
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) off-label use

30
Q

Amantadine interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

31
Q

Neuraminidase antiviral

A

Oseltamivir

32
Q

Oseltamivir class and indications?

A

Tamiflu – Neuraminidase antiviral

Influenza A and B treatment and prevention - - active against Type A H3N2 and Type B strains
Resistant to H1N1

33
Q

Oseltamivir interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

34
Q

Nucleoside analogue antivirals

A

Adefovir
Valacyclovir
Zidovudine

35
Q

Adefovir class and indications?

A

Nucleoside analogue

Chronic Hepatitis B - - HSV
Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor

36
Q

Adefovir interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

37
Q

Valacyclovir class and indications?

A

Nucleoside analogue

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) - - Genital herpes - - HSV prophylaxis - - CMV infxn prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients

38
Q

Valacyclovir interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

39
Q

Zidovudine class and indications?

A

Nucleoside analogue
Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

HIV infection - - HIV infection prophylaxis
Anti-retroviral agent

40
Q

Zidovudine interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

41
Q

Interferon alpha class and indications?

A

Anti-neoplastic
Anti-viral

Chronic Hepatitis B - - Chronic Hepatitis C - - Genital warts - - Leukemia - - AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma - - Malignant melanoma - - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

42
Q

Interferon alpha interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

43
Q

Interferon beta class and indications?

A

1

44
Q

Interferon beta interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

45
Q

Antifungals

A

Fluconazole
Terbinafine
Nystatin

46
Q

Fluconazole class and indications?

A

Systemic antifungal - - Synthetic azole - - Inhibits fungal cell membrane formation → Kills

Yeast infections
Candidiasis → Oropharyngeal (Thrush), Esophageal, Systemic - - Candida UTI - - Candidal balanitis
Bone marrow transplant prophylaxis
Cryptococcal meningitis

47
Q

Fluconazole interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

48
Q

Terbinafine class and indications?

A

Antifungal → Kills

Dermatophytosis / Fingernail infxns → 6 weeks - - Toenail infxns → 12 weeks
Athlete’s foot

49
Q

Terbinafine interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

50
Q

Nystatin class and indications?

A

Topical antifungal

Topical – Candida albicans cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infections

51
Q

Nystatin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

52
Q

Antiparasitics / Antihelminthics

A

Hydroxychloroquine
Mebendazole
Metronidazole
Permethrin cream

53
Q

Hydroxychloroquine class and indications?

A

Anti-malarial/Anti-rheumatic/AI

Malaria treatment and prophylaxis - - Rheumatoid arthritis - - SLE Lupus

54
Q

Hydroxychloroquine interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

55
Q

Mebendazole class and indications?

A

Anti-helminthic

Worms → Ascariasis - - Hookworm - - Tapeworm - - Whipworm

56
Q

Mebendazole interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

57
Q

Metronidazole class and indications?

A

C. difficile treatment - - Diverticulitis
Amoebiasis - - Balantidiasis - - Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis - - Bacterial vaginosis - - H. pylori - - Rosacea - - Tetanus

58
Q

Metronidazole interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

59
Q

Permethrin cream class and indications?

A

Head lice - - Scabies

60
Q

Permethrin cream interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

61
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

Adalimumab
Tofacitinib
Cyclosporine

62
Q

Adalimumab class and indications?

A

TNF-alpha blocker

Rheumatoid arthritis - - Ankylosing spondylitis - - Psoriatic arthritis - - Crohn’s Dz - - Plaque psoriasis

63
Q

Adalimumab interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

64
Q

Tofacitinib class and indications?

A

Janus Kinase inhibitor
Immunosuppressant

Rheumatoid Arthritis - - Psoriasis
Second line if Methotrexate inadequate response or intolerance
Studied for treatment of IBD and prevention of organ transplant rejection

65
Q

Tofacitinib interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

66
Q

Cyclosporine class and indications?

A

Polypeptide antibiotic

Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis - - kidney, liver, heart, alleogenic transplants

67
Q

Cyclosporine interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?

A

2

Baloney (37 decks)

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