Drugs - Immunology Flashcards
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Cephalexin
Penicillin class and indications?
Beta-Lactam – Bactericidal → inhibits cell wall synthesis
Gram (+) bacteria → Streptococcoal infections of URT (Scarlet fever) - - Pneumococcal infections of respiratory tract (including Otitis media) - - Staphylococcal infections (mild infxn skin and soft tissue – culture and sensitivity tests should be performed
First or second line agent for Gram (+) aerobic bacilli → Bacillus anthracis, Cornyebacterium diptheria
Limited use for Gram (-) organisms – may be able to treat Neisseria meningitides (Meningococcal dz)
Penicillin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
3
Amoxicillin class and indications?
Beta-Lactam – Bactericidal → inhibits cell wall synthesis
Broad spectrum penicillin
Strep throat - - Sinusitis - - Pneumonia - - UTI - - Chlamydia
Ear, Nose, Throat infxn - - Genitourinary tract - - Skin structure - - Gonorrhea
Lower Resp Tract w/ susceptible beta-lactamase negative strains of Streptococcus spp (a and b-hemolytic strains only). Acute, uncomplicated gonorrhea (ano-genital and urethral infxn) d/t Neisseria gonorrhea in both M+F
Amoxicillin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
5
Cephalexin class and indications?
Beta-Lactam – 1st generation Cephalosporin → inhibits cell wall synthesis
Strep throat – URTI infxn caused by S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes
Otitis media caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus and S. pyogenes
Skin and skin structure infxn caused by S. aureus and/or S. pyogenes
Bone infection caused by S. aureus and/or Proteus mirabilis
Acute prostatitis, other genitourinary infxn caused by E coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia
Cephalexin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
7
Pencillin alternatives
Clindamycin
Clarithromycin
Nitrofurantoin
Doxycycline
Clindamycin class and indications?
Lincosamide → bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor
Penicillin alternative
MRSA
Topical therapy for acne vulgaris.
Used if patient is allergic to penicillin for Gram (+) infections of Streptococci, Staphylococci, other Gram (+) organisms
Clindamycin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
0
Clarithromycin class and indications?
Penicillin alternative
Strep throat - - Pneumonia - - H. pylori in Duodenal Ulcers - - Skin infxn - - Bartonella (Cat Scratch) - - Cryptosporidiosis - - Penicillin alternative in Strep Throat and Bacterial Endocarditis
Second line → Lyme Dz - - Toxoplasmosis
Clarithromycin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
2
Ciprofloxacin class and indications?
Fluoroquinolone → Broad spectrum nucleic acid inhibitor that prevents DNA unwinding
X FOR ANTHRAX
Diverticulitis - - Urinary tract - - Prostate - - Intra-abdominal (w/ Metronidazole)
Bone or joint and skin infections - - Inhalational anthrax - - Infectious diarrhea - - Otitis media - - Chronic sinusitis - - Chlamydia - - Gonorrhea
Cipro is broad spectrum abx prescribed during lag time waiting for culture and sensitivity - - when results are in, prescribe specific abx
Ciprofloxacin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
4
Nitrofurantoin class and indications?
Macrobid - - 5-nitrofuran derivative
Kills E. coli in UTI
Urinary Tract Infections – acute, uncomplicated UTIs. Interferes w/ cell metabolism and cell wall synthesis. Bactericidal to most gram (+) and gram (-) urinary pathogens.
Nitrofurantoin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
6
Doxycycline class and indications?
Tetracycline antibiotic – broad spectrum bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor. Penicillin alternative
Acne - - Lyme Disease (Borrelia bergdorferi infxn) - - Mycoplasma pneumonia - - Chlamydia
Gonorrhea and Syphilis if Penicillin allergy - - Cholera - - Rickettsia (ie Typhus, no relation to Rickets)
Doxycycline interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
8
Azithromycin class and indications?
Macrolide antibiotic – protein synthesis inhibitor
Diarrhea, Legionella (Legionnaire’s Dz aka Atypical Pneumonia) - - Chlamydia urethritis - - Chancroid
URTI (Otitis media, Sinusitis) d/t Streptococci, Pneumococci, H. influenzae - - Mycobacterium avium
Azithromycin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
2
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole class and indications?
Sulfonamide antibiotic – Folate antagonist
Urinary tract infection - - Otitis media - - Chlamydial inxn - - Shigella enteritis - - Pneumonia from Pneumocystis jiroveci / carinii (HIV opportunistic pneumonia)
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
2
Mupirocin class and indications?
Topical antibiotic – Protein synthesis inhibitor
Impetigo d/t Staphylococci - - Streptococci - - eradication of nasal colonization w/ S. aureus
Infected traumatic skin lesions
Mupirocin interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
2
Triple antibiotic class and indications?
Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bactiracin - - Minor cuts, scrapes, burns
Triple antibiotic interactions, contraindications, cautions, adverse effects?
2