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Pharmocology > Drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases > Flashcards

Drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular disease (most common to least common)

A 
Hypertension
Angina pectoris
Coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular accident
Congestive heart failure
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2
Q

Contraindications to dental treatment for cardiovascular diseases

A

Acute or recent myocardial infarction
Uncontrolled or severe cardiovascular diseases
Unstable or recent onset of angina pectoris
Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
Significant, uncontrolled hypertension

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3
Q

Characterized by pain or discomfort in the chest radiating to the left arm and shoulder
Pain can also radiate to neck, back, and lower jaw
Occurs when coronary arteries do not supply enough oxygen to the myocardium

A

Angina pectoris

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4
Q

What is the drug of choice for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin

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5
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Works as a vasodilator, opening up vessels to increase blood supply to the heart
Smooth mucle relaxant
Administer sublingually during acute angina episode

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6
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

A

Cardiac glycosides examples include digitails and Lanoxin (digoxin)

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7
Q

Increases the force and strength of heart contraction (positive ionotropic effect)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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8
Q

Blood thinners are used to prevent stroke and heart attack, especially after initial stroke or MI
Attempts to reduce intravascular clotting

A

Anticoagulant therapy

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9
Q

Prevents the formation of the active form of Vitamin K

A

Coumadin

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10
Q

This medication increases the bleeding experienced by patients taking Coumadin

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant administered to patients in the hospital by injection

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12
Q

Hyperlipidemia treatment

A

Drugs use to treat are called antihyperlipidemics and include the statin drugs

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13
Q

Antihyperlipidemics

A

Limit the synthesis of cholesterol and decrease triglyceride levels

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14
Q

Medications used to treat hypertension

A

Diuretics
Beta adrenergic blocking agents
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors

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15
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Insensibility rhythm

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16
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Bad rhythm

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17
Q

Adverse reactions of antiarrythmic agents

A

Narrow TI
Difficult to manage
Only used for patients with arrhythmias that precent the proper functioning of the heart

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18
Q

Nitroglycerin-like compounds (NTG)

A

Management of acute anginal episodes
Precent anginal attacks induced by stress or exercise
Vasodilator

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19
Q

Calcium channel blocking agents

A

Vasodilation
Decrease in peripheral resistance
Also used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension

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20
Q

Hypertension for persons <80 yrs

A

> 140/90 mm

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21
Q

Hypertension for persons >80 yrs

A

> 150/90 mm

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22
Q

Thiazides - hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Loop - Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Diuretics

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23
Q

ACEs

A

Adjusts sodium and water retained

Adjusts peripheral resistance

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24
Q

Inhibit movement of extracellular calcium ions

A

CCBs

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25
Q

CCBs adverse reactions

A 
xerostomia
dysgeusia
gingival enlargement - nifedipine
meticulous oral hygiene
frequent recall appointments
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26
Q

Avoid 1:50,000 epinephrine and gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine with

A

b-adrenergic blocking agents

27
Q

Elevations of plasma lipid concentrations above accepted normal values
Elevations in cholesterol and/or triglycerides
Associated with development of arteriosclerosis

A

Hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia

28
Q

One of the most commonly used anticoagulant agents for hospitalized patients
Used after MI, stroke, or thrombophlebitis
Overdose antagonized by protamine sulfate

A

Heparin

29
Q

Systemic antacid

May be contraindicted in cardiovascular patients due to sodium content

A

Sodium bicarbonate

30
Q

Inhibit gastric acid secretion, used to treat gastric ulcers and GERD

A

Proton pump inhibitors

Ex) Prilosec (omeprazole) and Prevacid (iansoprazole)

31
Q

Block H2 histamine receptors, which reduces acid secretion

A

Histamine blocking agents

Tagamet and pepcid

32
Q

Used in the treatment of gastric ulcers and GERD

A

Sodium bicarbonate
Proton pump inhibitors
Histamine blocking agents

33
Q

Drugs for the treatment of CNS disorders

A

Psychiatric disorders
Antipsychotic agents
Antidepressant agents
Drugs for treatment of bipolar depression

34
Q

First generation antipsychotic agents mechanism of action

A

Dopamine antagonists

35
Q

Second generation antipsychotic agents mechanism of action

A

Action at more than one receptor

36
Q

Antidepressant agents

A 
ECT
SSRIs
SNRIs
TCAs
other
37
Q

SSRIs

A

Cause CNS stimulation and xerostomia

Examples include Prozac (fluoxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline)

38
Q

Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

A

SSRIs

39
Q

What do tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) cause?

A

sedation and xerostomia

40
Q

what is an example of a TCA?

A

Evali ( amitriptyline)

41
Q

What is Elavil also used to treat?

A

some chronic pain conditions

42
Q

Why is it not recommended to use epinephrine with patients taking TCA’s?

A

cardiac arrhythmia potential

43
Q

Lithium

A

used to treat bipolar disorder

44
Q

What is a drug interaction with Lithium?

A

NSAIDs

45
Q

What medication is contraindicated when taking Lithium?

A

Motrin

46
Q

What diseases are treated with respiratory drugs?

A

asthma
COPD
upper respiratory infections

47
Q

What should aspirin be avoided in asthma patients?

A

up to 20% of asthmatics are allergic to aspirin

48
Q

What medications are used to treat asthma?

A

Ventolin (albuterol)
Adrenergic
Bronchodilator
inhaler

49
Q

medications for asthma may cause what?

A

insomnia

50
Q

What do corticosteroids decrease?

A

inflammation of the airway

51
Q

Other medications for asthma?

A

Fluticasone (flovent)
Triamcinolone acetonide
Budesonide

52
Q

Oral medication used to treat asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis

A

Theophylline

53
Q

What is an example of a long acting bronchodilator?

A

salmeterol

54
Q

Drugs used to treat malignancies

A

antineoplastic drugs

55
Q

how are antineoplastic drugs given?

A

IV route

56
Q

In an attempt to slow down the destruction of bone, what drug is administered?

A

bisphosphonate drug

57
Q

medications associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws

A

bisphosphonate drugs

58
Q

used in IV form to slow down desctruction of bone when a cancerous lesion is present. Used orally to slow down destruction of bone in cased of osteoporosis.

A

bisphophonate drugs

59
Q

Examples of bisphosphonate drugs?

A
  • Boniva (ibandronate)

- Actonel (risedronate)

60
Q

a steroid hormone used as a medication for contraception, menopause therapy, and menstrual disturbances

A

estrogen

61
Q

examples of estrogen

A
  • Premarin

- Estraderm

62
Q

Estrogen

A

-may increase gingival inflammation and cause nausea and vomiting. May promote edometrial and breast cancer

63
Q

intermediate acting steroid

A

prednisone

64
Q

What is used to treat autoimmune, inflammatory disorders, addisons disease, and allergy?

A

prednisone

Pharmocology (12 decks)

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