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Pharmocology > Drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases > Flashcards

Drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular disease (most common to least common)

A 
Hypertension
Angina pectoris
Coronary artery disease
Cerebrovascular accident
Congestive heart failure
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2
Q

Contraindications to dental treatment for cardiovascular diseases

A

Acute or recent myocardial infarction
Uncontrolled or severe cardiovascular diseases
Unstable or recent onset of angina pectoris
Uncontrolled congestive heart failure
Significant, uncontrolled hypertension

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3
Q

Characterized by pain or discomfort in the chest radiating to the left arm and shoulder
Pain can also radiate to neck, back, and lower jaw
Occurs when coronary arteries do not supply enough oxygen to the myocardium

A

Angina pectoris

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4
Q

What is the drug of choice for angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerin

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5
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Works as a vasodilator, opening up vessels to increase blood supply to the heart
Smooth mucle relaxant
Administer sublingually during acute angina episode

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6
Q

Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure

A

Cardiac glycosides examples include digitails and Lanoxin (digoxin)

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7
Q

Increases the force and strength of heart contraction (positive ionotropic effect)

A

Cardiac glycosides

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8
Q

Blood thinners are used to prevent stroke and heart attack, especially after initial stroke or MI
Attempts to reduce intravascular clotting

A

Anticoagulant therapy

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9
Q

Prevents the formation of the active form of Vitamin K

A

Coumadin

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10
Q

This medication increases the bleeding experienced by patients taking Coumadin

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant administered to patients in the hospital by injection

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12
Q

Hyperlipidemia treatment

A

Drugs use to treat are called antihyperlipidemics and include the statin drugs

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13
Q

Antihyperlipidemics

A

Limit the synthesis of cholesterol and decrease triglyceride levels

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14
Q

Medications used to treat hypertension

A

Diuretics
Beta adrenergic blocking agents
Calcium channel blockers
ACE inhibitors

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15
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Insensibility rhythm

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16
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Bad rhythm

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17
Q

Adverse reactions of antiarrythmic agents

A

Narrow TI
Difficult to manage
Only used for patients with arrhythmias that precent the proper functioning of the heart

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18
Q

Nitroglycerin-like compounds (NTG)

A

Management of acute anginal episodes
Precent anginal attacks induced by stress or exercise
Vasodilator

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19
Q

Calcium channel blocking agents

A

Vasodilation
Decrease in peripheral resistance
Also used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension

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20
Q

Hypertension for persons <80 yrs

A

> 140/90 mm

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21
Q

Hypertension for persons >80 yrs

A

> 150/90 mm

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22
Q

Thiazides - hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Loop - Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Diuretics

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23
Q

ACEs

A

Adjusts sodium and water retained

Adjusts peripheral resistance

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24
Q

Inhibit movement of extracellular calcium ions

A

CCBs

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25
CCBs adverse reactions
``` xerostomia dysgeusia gingival enlargement - nifedipine meticulous oral hygiene frequent recall appointments ```
26
Avoid 1:50,000 epinephrine and gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine with
b-adrenergic blocking agents
27
Elevations of plasma lipid concentrations above accepted normal values Elevations in cholesterol and/or triglycerides Associated with development of arteriosclerosis
Hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia
28
One of the most commonly used anticoagulant agents for hospitalized patients Used after MI, stroke, or thrombophlebitis Overdose antagonized by protamine sulfate
Heparin
29
Systemic antacid | May be contraindicted in cardiovascular patients due to sodium content
Sodium bicarbonate
30
Inhibit gastric acid secretion, used to treat gastric ulcers and GERD
Proton pump inhibitors | Ex) Prilosec (omeprazole) and Prevacid (iansoprazole)
31
Block H2 histamine receptors, which reduces acid secretion
Histamine blocking agents | Tagamet and pepcid
32
Used in the treatment of gastric ulcers and GERD
Sodium bicarbonate Proton pump inhibitors Histamine blocking agents
33
Drugs for the treatment of CNS disorders
Psychiatric disorders Antipsychotic agents Antidepressant agents Drugs for treatment of bipolar depression
34
First generation antipsychotic agents mechanism of action
Dopamine antagonists
35
Second generation antipsychotic agents mechanism of action
Action at more than one receptor
36
Antidepressant agents
``` ECT SSRIs SNRIs TCAs other ```
37
SSRIs
Cause CNS stimulation and xerostomia | Examples include Prozac (fluoxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline)
38
Inhibit reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
SSRIs
39
What do tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) cause?
sedation and xerostomia
40
what is an example of a TCA?
Evali ( amitriptyline)
41
What is Elavil also used to treat?
some chronic pain conditions
42
Why is it not recommended to use epinephrine with patients taking TCA's?
cardiac arrhythmia potential
43
Lithium
used to treat bipolar disorder
44
What is a drug interaction with Lithium?
NSAIDs
45
What medication is contraindicated when taking Lithium?
Motrin
46
What diseases are treated with respiratory drugs?
asthma COPD upper respiratory infections
47
What should aspirin be avoided in asthma patients?
up to 20% of asthmatics are allergic to aspirin
48
What medications are used to treat asthma?
Ventolin (albuterol) Adrenergic Bronchodilator inhaler
49
medications for asthma may cause what?
insomnia
50
What do corticosteroids decrease?
inflammation of the airway
51
Other medications for asthma?
Fluticasone (flovent) Triamcinolone acetonide Budesonide
52
Oral medication used to treat asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
Theophylline
53
What is an example of a long acting bronchodilator?
salmeterol
54
Drugs used to treat malignancies
antineoplastic drugs
55
how are antineoplastic drugs given?
IV route
56
In an attempt to slow down the destruction of bone, what drug is administered?
bisphosphonate drug
57
medications associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws
bisphosphonate drugs
58
used in IV form to slow down desctruction of bone when a cancerous lesion is present. Used orally to slow down destruction of bone in cased of osteoporosis.
bisphophonate drugs
59
Examples of bisphosphonate drugs?
- Boniva (ibandronate) | - Actonel (risedronate)
60
a steroid hormone used as a medication for contraception, menopause therapy, and menstrual disturbances
estrogen
61
examples of estrogen
- Premarin | - Estraderm
62
Estrogen
-may increase gingival inflammation and cause nausea and vomiting. May promote edometrial and breast cancer
63
intermediate acting steroid
prednisone
64
What is used to treat autoimmune, inflammatory disorders, addisons disease, and allergy?
prednisone

Pharmocology (12 decks)

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