Chapter 10 Flashcards
When was nitrous oxide discovered?
1776
A colorless gas with little or no odor
Nitrous oxide
Of all of the inhalation anesthetics, ______ is the least soluble in blood.
nitrous oxide
Why is nitrous oxide a good analgesic and anxiety reliever?
bc of its low potency
TRUE OR FALSE: When administered properly, the patient remains conscious with protective reflexes intact.
TRUE
What will happen when nitrous oxide is coupled with analgesia?
anxiety relief
What is always administered in conjunction with nitrous oxide?
oxygen
How much starting oxygen should the p.t receive when given nitrous oxide?
100% for 2-3 minutes
TRUE OR FALSE: N2O is gradually increased in 5-10% increments until the patient response indicates initial sedation
TRUE
advantages of nitrous oxide and oxygen:
-rapid onset of 5 min
-early administration, no injection required
-close control
-rapid recovery
-acceptability for children
relaxed dental team
-appointment seems shorter
Is nitrous oxide a good behavioral management technique?
NAHHH (no)
At the conclusion of the sedation procedure, the patient is placed on ____% oxygen for at least 5 min
100
What is diffusion hypoxia?
This occurs if the patient is not provided 100% oxygen and breathes room air immediately after termination of nitrous oxide
loss of carbon dioxide may result in what?
decreased ventilation
Diffusion Hypoxia
- rapid outward flow of nitrous oxide accompanied by oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Pt would experience headache or other side effects
A stimulant to respiratory drive
carbon dioxide
Pregnancy category c
Diflusonal or some shit similar to that word idk
Nitrous Oxide: Pharmacologic Effects
- Predictable and dose related
- CNS sedation, analgesia and amnesia
- Rapid onset of action
- Absorption from pulmonary aleveoli into circulatory system
- Low solubility in blood and tissues
Nitrous Oxide: Adverse Reactions
- Complications have been the result of misuse or faulty installation of equipment
- Nausea and vomiting- eat light meal prior to the appointment and avoid eating a large meal within 3 hrs after appointment
What color are nitrous oxide cylinders?
BLUE
What color are oxygen cylinders?
GREEN
Nitrous oxide concentration should be:
automatically limited and have fail safe system that shuts off automatically if the oxygen runs off
Nitrous oxide: Contradictions and dental issue
- respiratory obstruction
- COPD
- emotional instability
- documentation/legal considerations
- Pregnancy considerations: SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS, AND DECREASED FERTILITY
- abuse
Chronic use of nitrous oxide
- reduce activity of methionine synthetase- an enzyme involed with the function of vitamin B12
- megaloblastic anemia
