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Basic Pharmacology > Drugs for hypertension > Flashcards

Drugs for hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the tension of blood pressing against the artery

A

Blood Pressure

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2
Q

It is recognized as a major risk factor for several potentially lethal cardiac conditions

A

hypertension

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3
Q

This causes a decrease in cardiac output by blocking alpha 1 receptors

A

Alpha 1 blockers

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4
Q

examples of alpha 1 blockers

A

doxazosin and prazosin

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5
Q

the blood pressing against the artery is controlled by contractions of

A

the left ventricle, systemic vascular resistance, and elasticity of arterial walls

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6
Q

The baroreceptor is a pressure-sensitive neuron that?

A

regulates arterial blood pressure

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7
Q

activation Alpha 1 receptors causes

A

vasoconstriction

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8
Q

the baroreceptor in the kidney responds to the fall in blood pressure by releasing an enzyme called

A

renin

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9
Q

renin is stimulated by

A

sympathetic activation of beta-1 receptors

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10
Q

This is necessary for the production of angiotensin 1

A

renin

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11
Q

Blood pressure is a product of

A

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

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12
Q

it is located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses

A

baroreceptors

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13
Q

activation of beta 1 receptors causes?

A

increase of cardiac out which leads to increase blood pressure

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14
Q

It is a very potent vasoconstrictor that constricts systemic blood vessels, thus increasing peripheral resistance

A

Angiotensin II

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15
Q

activation of aldosterone leads to?

A

sodium and water retention

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16
Q

this causes decrease systemic vascular resistance in smooth muscle

A

Alpha 1 receptor

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17
Q

Which of the following is an example of beta-blockers

-atenolol
-doxazosin
prazosin
metoprolol

A

atenolol and metoprolol

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18
Q

what is the mechanism of beta-blockers

A

Beta-blocker selectively blocks beta receptors that cause a decrease in cardiac output

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19
Q

this causes the heart to beat slower and with less tension

A

Beta-blockers

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20
Q

Examples of non-selective beta-blockers

A

labetalol and carvedilol

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21
Q

what do labetalol and carvedilol do

A

they additionally block alpha 1 receptors

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22
Q

a type of beta-blocker that decreases the systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output

A

Non-selective beta-blockers

23
Q

adrenergic drugs block the

A

sympathetic activity within the brain

24
Q

Clonidine and methyldopa belong to which type of drug group

A

adrenergic drugs

25
Q

Clonidine selective stimulate _________ providing negative feedback to reduce catecholamine production

A

presynaptic alpha-2 receptors

26
Q

stimulation of alpha-2 receptors lead to

A

reduce catecholamine production

27
Q

which among clonidine and methyldopa is an agonist

A

clonidine

28
Q

it is the active metabolite of methyldopa

A

methylnorepinephrine

29
Q

clonidine is a

A

agonist

30
Q

It selective inhibit L-type calcium channels in the vascular smooth muscle

A

Dihydropyridines

31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of dihydropyridines

A

Dihydropyridines inhibit the calcium from entering the smooth muscle by blocking the L-calcium channel.

32
Q

what does calcium do once it enters smooth muscles

A

it causes contraction

33
Q

Examples of dihydropyridine drugs

FANN

A

Amlodipine
felodipine
nicardipine
nifedipine

34
Q

This type of calcium channel blocker can block both calcium channels of vascular smooth muscle and cardiac cells

A

Non-dihydropyridine drugs

35
Q

Non-dihydropyridine blocking of calcium channels can lead to

A

Reduced myocardial contractility, slower heart rate, and slower conduction.

36
Q

True or False

Nndihydropyridines can significantly decrease cardiac output

A

False

37
Q

Examples of nondihydropyridines drug

A

Diltiazem and verapamil

38
Q

It can cause excessive bradycardia and cardiac conduction abnormalities

A

Non-dihydropyridine

39
Q

Verapamil can lead to

A

constipation

40
Q

Types of diuretics used to treat hypertension

A

Loop Diuretics
Thiazide Diuretics
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

41
Q

This reduces the reabsorption of sodium chloride in the kidneys, leading to diuresis

A

Loop Diuretics

42
Q

Drugs that reduce the reabsorption of sodium chloride

A

Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide

43
Q

It reduces sodium chloride reabsorption to a smaller degree than loop diuretics

A

Thiazide Diuretics

44
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics increase the diuresis by?

A
  1. Interfering with the sodium-potassium exchange

2. blocking the actions of aldosterone

45
Q

Examples of ACE inhibitor drugs

A 
Benazepril
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisonopril
Quinapril 
Ramipril
46
Q

Examples of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

A 
Candesartan 
Irbesartan
Losartan
Olmesartan
Valsartan
47
Q

ACE Inhibitors may cause

A

dry cough

angioedema

48
Q

Example of the renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

49
Q

this is the result of inhibition of angiotensin II

A

elevate levels of bradykinin

50
Q

A competitive antagonist of a potent vasoconstrictor

A

Bosentan

51
Q

Bosentan is often used for

A

Pulmonary hypertension

52
Q

Fenoldopam is a

A

selective dopamine 1 receptor agonist

53
Q

Often used for short-term management of hypertension

A

Fenoldopam

54
Q

Sodium Nitroprusside and Nitroglycerin are a source of

A

Nitric oxide

Basic Pharmacology (10 decks)

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