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Basic Pharmacology > Drugs for hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

Drugs for hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

A disorder where there are abnormally elevated levels of fat particles in the blood

A

Hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

also known as the fat particles in the blood

A

Lipids

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3
Q

what are the four major types of lipid

A

Chylomicrons
Very low-density lipoproteins
low-density lipoproteins
high-density lipoproteins

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4
Q

Chylomicrons are produced in

A

gut from dietary lipids

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5
Q

This type of lipoprotein is composed mostly of triglycerides and small amounts of cholesterol

A

chylomicrons

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6
Q

VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins) are produced in?

A

liver

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7
Q

what is the function of chylomicrons and VLDL

A

They are responsible for delivering energy-rich triglycerides to cells throughout the body

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8
Q

An enzyme located on the capillary walls that are responsible for the release of fatty acids from lipoproteins

A

Lipoprotein lipase

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9
Q

this contains a higher percentage of cholesterol

A

LDL (low-density lipoproteins)

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10
Q

A high concentration of LDL is considered

A

bad cholesterol

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11
Q

what is the function of LDL

A

deliver cholesterol to cells

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12
Q

half of the circulating LDL is taken up by the liver because?

A

the liver uses it to synthesize bile acid

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13
Q

This is composed mainly of protein with a small number of lipids

A

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of HDL

A

Transports excess cholesterol from the peripheral cells back to the liver

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15
Q

HDL is produced in?

A

small intestine and liver

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16
Q

Statins are commonly known as

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

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17
Q

what does HMG-CoA inhibit?

A

it inhibits the conversion of HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A) to mevalonate

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18
Q

It is a rate-controlling enzyme

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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19
Q

It is a cholesterol precursor in the liver

A

Mevalonic acid

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20
Q

what happens when you inhibit HMG-CoA reductase

A

less synthesized mevalonic acid which results in a low concentration of cholesterol in the liver

21
Q

this leads to decrease secretion of VLDL

A

low intracellular cholesterol levels

22
Q

What are drugs under HMG-CoA?

A 
atorvastatin
fluvastatin
lovastatin
pravastatin
rosuvastatin
simvastatin
23
Q

Nicotinic acid is commonly known as

24
Q

nicotinic acid is normally found in

A

adipose tissue

25
Q

what enzyme does niacin inhibit

A

hormone-sensitive lipase

26
Q

it is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of triglyceride to free fatty acids

A

hormone-sensitive lipase

27
Q

what happens when nicotinic acid inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase?

A

There will be no or less free fatty acid for the liver to synthesize thus resulting to decrease hepatic VLDL which leads to decrease levels of VLD

28
Q

Fibrates are also known as

A

finofibrate derivatives

29
Q

PPAR-alpha stands for

A

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

30
Q

Nuclear transcription receptor that is found in metabolic active tissues such as liver and adipose tissue

A

PPAR-alpha

31
Q

PPAR-alpha is normally found in

A

liver and adipose tissue

32
Q

it is a protein that inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity

33
Q

it is an adipocyte enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from intracellular triglycerol

A

Hormone-sensitive lipase

34
Q

is an adipocyte enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from circulating lipoproteins

A

lipoprotein lipase

35
Q

Their binding induces activation or inhibition of certain genes that code for proteins involved in lipid metabolism

A

Binding of Fibrates and PPAR-alpha

36
Q

Fibrates increase the expression of these proteins that are a major component of HDL

A

Apo-AI and Apo-AII

37
Q

these are the major component of HDL production

A

Apo-AI and Apo-AII

38
Q

drugs that are under fenofibrate derivatives

A

fenofibrate

gemfibrozil

39
Q

This activates nuclear transcription receptor PPAR-alpha

40
Q

It increases the expression of lipoprotein lipase

41
Q

Also known as bile acid resins

A

bile acid sequestrants

42
Q

bile is stored in?

A

gallbladder

43
Q

Bile acid sequestrants serve as

A

ion exchange resin

44
Q

responsible for the transportation of excess cholesterol from the peripheral cells back to the liver

45
Q

examples of bile acid sequestrant

A

Colesevelam
Colestipol
cholestyramine

46
Q

Free cholesterol either comes from

A

dietary sources

bile

47
Q

In the normal mechanism of cholesterol absorption, it firsts bind to a protein called

48
Q

ACE inhibitors can elevate which levels

A

bradykinin

49
Q

This peptide causes blood vessels to dilate by stimulating the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin

A

Bradykinin

Basic Pharmacology (10 decks)

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